The Arrowsmith Program founded in Canada in 1978 by Barbara Arrowsmith Young, uses specific cognitive exercises as therapy for children with autism and other developmental disabilities. The Arrowsmith intervention is based on neuroscience rather than education. Students perform cognitive development skills for part of the day, and then focus on improving education skills. Specifically, Arrowsmith provides 1) discrete trial training intervention used in ABA, and 2) direct instruction, "which uses a sequentially structured curriculum and scripted lessons." Many of the students spend 3 years at Arrowsmith before mainstreaming.
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