A teaching technique that uses most to least prompting may be a good way to teach leisure skills to adults with autism.
This study looked at the best way to teach adults the skill of making a basket from clay. The authors used the most to least prompting intervention to teach the skill to two adults with autism. The study focused on the teaching process, not how good the clay basket looked. The authors spoke with teachers and families and found that the adults maintained the skill over time. The authors note that it may be hard to apply this data to other skills in other settings with other teachers.









Please comment on this autism topic.
The Effect of Early Intervention in the Progress of Autistic Child with Mental Retardation
Nov 18, 2009 by AnonymousINTRODUCTION:
Autism is an incapacitating life long developmental disorder that typically occurs in the first three years of life. Children affected with autism have disturbances in three main areas like social skill, communication and eye contact. There are many causes for autisms some are environmental and some are genetic. Since definite cause is yet to be known it cannot be cured completely. An attempt was made in the present study to know the effectiveness of different types of therapies and treatments. Parental opinion was collected from the children affected with autism. Findings indicated that most of the parents have positive views on standardized therapies, innovative therapies and treatments. Modification in behavior is possible through early intervention by therapies and treatment.
Present Study: the present study finds the effect of early intervention in the progress of autistic child with mental retardation. Investigator considered three major areas, which were generally used in progress of the autistic child, they are as follows:
Comparison between different types of standardized therapies: When different types of standardized therapies were compared with arithmetic mean, it was found that occupational therapy and speech therapy was found to be more effective compared to other type of therapies.
COMPARISON BETWEEN STANDARDIZED THERAPIES
Comparison between different types of Innovative therapies: When different type of innovative therapies are compared with arithmetic mean , it was found that touch therapy and Art therapy was found to be more effective compared to other type of therapies.
Comparison between different types of treatments: When different types treatments are compared with arithmetic mean, it was found that Diet and special diet treatment, was found to be more effective.
Major Findings of the Study
SUPERVISOR: D.r.A. RAMAKRISHNA PROFESSOR, IASE, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
INVESTIGATOR: K.SAILAJA
School
Aug 31, 2009 by AnonymousWe are a special school for children on the autism spectrum and typical developing siblings. Our arts based educational and sensory curriculum and mixed age classrooms provide a way for all children to actively participate within a supportive atmosphere. In this tranquil setting each child feels a sense of belonging, friendship, and the opportunity to experience the magic of childhood.
*Philosophy & Curriculum:
We offer a holistic approach in which the connection between school, home, service providers, and community becomes collaboration where each member is connected with a natural ease. Jordan Lake School of the Arts offers an individual curriculum for all students in a retreat like setting. Having a five students to one teacher ratio, and small class size we can provide attention to each child. Multi-age classrooms offer a stress free environment to learn in both roles as guide and apprentice. While children on the spectrum benefit from observing peers and having a structured means of learning social skills, typical developing siblings grow from experiential education and the support of friends who truly understand and share similar experiences. Different is normal here. At JLSA, we all understand and are respectful and supportive of one another. We have local artists participating in workshops as well as rotating their artwork in our space. Our art shows offer an opportunity for families to socialize without anxiety, and students to experience large group functions in the company of compassionate people while meeting inspiring members of the community. Our amenities include an enormous tropical greenhouse, courtyard, and outdoor class space, as well as a home like educational setting.
Parents and grandparents are welcome and encouraged to participate in the day. Workshops and afternoons with community speakers are great opportunities for families to share in experiences together at school and we all benefit from the communication and shared experiences that flow from school to home. Parents are also invited to join us for nature hikes and gardening, and to bring their talents and teach us about their specialty. We hope adults will take painting or yoga classes offered in the building, or enjoy hiking trails and the lake, assured that your children are being compassionately cared for and well educated.
www.jordanlakesa.com
919-672-4281
Martial Arts Therapy
Mar 4, 2009 by AnonymousLisa Chin is the owner/founder of Fireflies in NY City - it is a martial arts therapy center for children with special needs.
Yummy Food or Yucky Food
Sep 11, 2008 by AnonymousOne Person's Yummy Food Is Another Person's Yucky Food
Vegetables and protein (fish, poultry, meats, and beans) are the most common food aversions. Some children even reject fruits. The diet becomes extremely restricted to bland, white foods, including sweets, breads, pasta, crackers, pretzels, chips, and macaroni and cheese. These foods are glycemic and raise blood glucose, quickly increasing the demand for insulin production. Zinc is part of the insulin molecule and is depleted, resulting in abnormal taste and taste perception. What develops is an aversion to the flavors in natural foods and increased cravings for highly sweetened foods and those foods containing MSG. (MSG affects the brain's perception of flavor.) The diet becomes more narrow, and nutritional status declines, resulting in more limited food choices. The white diet and vegetable aversion is common among children in Western cultures due to the high exposure to processed and sweet foods. For children with sensory and developmental issues, the aversions are much more pervasive and serious.
There are three potential contributors that lead to the limited appetite, cravings, and food aversions:
The negative effect of this combination can result in faulty messages from the sensory receptors to the brain and dysfunctional interpretation of those messages by the brain. Perception is the "truth" for that person. This is why begging, bribing, and punishing do not and will not work.
The solution is multifaceted. Correction of nutritional deficiencies and elimination of toxic metals are mandatory and involve appropriate therapeutic supplementation based on findings. Foods that cause reactions and/or opiate-like peptides need to be eliminated as healthy, safe foods are introduced and accepted.
How to Go from Yucky to Yummy-The Trojan Horse Technique
For those with texture issues, it is important to adapt the diet to the child's oral and food developmental stage. If textures are a sensory issue, no matter how tasty the food, it will not be consumed. By providing the food in a sensory-pleasing form, the child benefits nutritionally and begins to find mealtime more pleasant and rewarding. Purees are generally helpful. They are better tolerated and can open the door for getting more types of foods into the diet. Many family dishes, including soups, casseroles, or the meat and vegetable main dish, can also be served pureed for the child who has sensory texture issues. In this way, the whole family is enjoying the same meal.
Many of the recipes in this book have been selected to expand nutritional intake, especially using the Trojan Horse Technique-hiding a small amount of the new food (especially vegetables and proteins) within a very well tolerated and acceptable food. Each child differs and, therefore, it is important to identify what foods will work as "carriers" to get the new foods in.
Purees can be made from cooked fresh or frozen vegetables and/or purchased baby foods. If your child is offended by being served baby food, simply keep it well hidden. Create interesting new names for the foods and see that others in the family join in consuming them. The secret to success in introducing these new foods is to combine a small amount with the food the child already likes. For many children, this is the only way new foods can be introduced.
Start with 1 tablespoon (15 g) or less-and then increase when tolerated. Hide the cooked vegetable purees anywhere you can, selecting colors that are not obvious when added to the carrier food. The carrier food needs to be one that the child enjoys. It may even be a food that is being slowly eliminated. Include pureed fruits to improve the taste. Here are some examples of places to hide foods (and even supplements):
The above is an excerpt from the book The Kid-Friendly ADHD & Autism Cookbook: The Ultimate Guide to the Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet
by Pamela J. Compart, M.D. and Dana Laake, R.D.H., M.S., L.D.N.
Published by Fair Winds Press; November 2006;$24.95US/$32.50CAN; 978-1-59233-223-6
Copyright © 2008 Pamela J. Compart, M.D. and Dana Laake, R.D.H., M.S., L.D.N
Author Bio
Pamela J. Compart, M.D., is a developmental pediatrician in Columbia, Maryland. She combines traditional and complementary medicine approaches to the treatment of ADHD, autism, and other behavioral and developmental disorders. She is also the director of HeartLight Healing Arts, a multidisciplinary integrated holistic health care practice, providing services for children, adults, and families.
Dana Godbout Laake, R.D.H., M.S., L.D.N., is a licensed nutritionist in Kensington, Maryland. Within her practice, Dana Laake Nutrition, she provides preventive and therapeutic medical nutrition services. Her practice includes nutritional evaluation and treatment of the full spectrum of health issues affecting adults and children with special needs.