Autism Therapy: child-centered

definition of child-centered: Child-centered refers to therapy or interaction that engages the child at his or her ability and emotional level and focuses on the needs of the child. Child-centered therapies often include play and, specifically, playing the games that most interest the child. The activities may include drawing or dolls or catch.

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Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, by Machalicek, W., K Shogren, R Lang, and and M Rispoli, MF O’Reilly JH Franco Sigafoos J., published in 2009, summarized Dec 23, 2009

Activity schedules may increase appropriate play during recess for children with autism.

Some children with autism may have problems during school recess. For example, they may have poor social skills, which makes it hard for them to join in play with other children, and they may have more problem behaviors. This study asked whether teachers might be able to help children with autism by providing some structure or guidance during recess. Three children (6-12 years old) were given activity schedules that used photos of activity choices during recess. Matching photos were also placed on the play equipment as a label. During recess, the boys picked three activities using the photos, and then the teachers would use guidance to help them follow their plan. The guidance from teachers helped all 3 boys stay engaged in play activities and they had fewer problem behaviors during recess.


Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, by Betz, A., Higbee TS, and Reagon KA, published in 2008, summarized Jun 1, 2009

Children with autism may be more involved in behavior therapy activities and complete more of them if they are paired with another child.

Three pairs of children with autism (4-5 years old) used joint activity schedules during applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy. The joint schedules seemed to help the children be more involved in the activity. This included taking turns, playing games, and setting up and cleaning up games. When the joint schedules were changed to individual schedules for one pair of children, their involvement dropped. As soon as they switched back to a joint schedule, they became involved again. Therefore, joint schedules may be a useful autism therapy tool and may also increase interactions between children during treatment.


EP Magazine, by Pullen, LC, published in 2008, summarized Feb 27, 2009

The P.L.A.Y. (Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters) Project may be one way for many parents to help their young children without spending a lot of money on therapy.

Many children with autism like for life to always be the same. This article describes a child-centered, play-based autism therapy program that teaches parents how to connect with their children and thereby help their children to learn and grow. This means that parents must give up their thoughts about how the child should be and instead focus on how the child is. Play-based therapy seems to work best for young children. The P.L.A.Y. Project is a system of teaching parents how to do play therapy without the parents having to pay a lot of money.


Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, by Banda, DR, and Grimmet E., published in 2008, summarized Oct 31, 2008

Activity schedules may be able to help teach social, daily living, on-task, and transition behaviors in people with autism.

Activity schedules are easy to make and can be used for different routines and different settings. This review article looked to see if research supported the use of activity schedules for people with autism. The authors reviewed 13 studies and found that all of the studies showed that activity schedules help in the teaching of people with autism. Activity schedules seem to increase desired behaviors and are able to teach skills and behaviors that can be generalized to other settings and people (generalization). Some studies found that activity schedules were able to decrease tantrums and other problem behaviors that may be found during times of transition.


Erica Jacknin is an artist and an art therapist - the Kentuckian uses her talents and training for child centered, family based therapy for children with autism. Her medium of choice is sand tray therapy - the child is given a tray of sand and tiny figures and asked to create his vision of his world. She also believes in the power of play therapy and says, "Play is the child's work. Given a suitable environment equipped with classic play toys, each child naturally strives for healing and wholeness."

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The Scotson Technique (TST), formerly called Neuro-Respiratory Therapy (NRT), is a drug-free, parent-intensive, massage-like therapy for autism. Used from Great Britain to the Philippines, TST requires 2-3 hours a day during which parents or caregivers use face towels to lightly massage parts of the child's body. The founder, Linda Scotson, explains that the massage therapy "develops the pattern of recovery by addressing within the micro-circulation of the respiratory system which affects structure, metabolism and motor and cognitive function."

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Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Sep 18, 2007 by dankohn

From Catherine Whitcher, M.Ed, Precision Education

First, let me remind the Precision Education Community that I was a special education teacher. I have the utmost respect for teachers. They show up everyday to teach children and deal with the political system. I also admit that I violated my student's rights, I BROKE THE LAW!

I never read a student's IEP from front to back. I rarely charted goal progress. I only glanced at modifications that needed to be done. I was told by my administration to "watch out" for a problem parent whose child was assigned to my classroom. Sure enough, the problem parent called and asked for a meeting before school started. The mom drilled me on teaching strategies, charting and reporting. The curriculum had to be explained to her and the aides had to have training. My world was turned upside down.

I discussed the conversation with the administrator. She told me that I had to comply with the Mom's requests because in the IEP it was written to communicate everything she had been asking. What? Wait a minute, if this IEP was written with accountability- what were the other ones written like?

So I spent the weekend reading all my students IEP's and found out that this child's IEP really wasn't written much different than the others. The difference was that this Mom knew what was in her child's IEP and how her child's education should be executed. Armed with this newfound knowledge, I took it upon myself to initiate the same types of meetings with the parents of all my students.

Parents were amazed at how much information I was giving them and how I wanted them to be involved. Goals were not only being met, but exceeded and IEP's needed to be rewritten by December. My administrator walked into the room a few months later and my entire class was sitting at their desks. A reading exercise was on the overhead and the aides were engaged in assuring the lesson was adapted to each level as I directed from the front of the class. It was an unexplainable experience to have my superior stand speechless at the progress that was made simply by me doing my job according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

I ran into the parent who turned my world upside down last summer. I told her this story and she had no idea that she had such an impact on not only her son's education, but also on me as a professional and the other students who passed through my classroom. I went from an average teacher violating student rights, to a proud teacher of successful students all because of a parent who knew her son's rights and had the strength to become a proactive member of her child's education team.

Copyright 2007 Precision Education
(May be reprinted with permission)

Catherine Whitcher, M.Ed, founder of Precision Education, Inc. holds multiple special education teaching certificates, has been featured on AutismOne radio show, published in The Autism Perspective and is Co-Author of Asperger's: The Positive Side. She is a member of the National Association of Special Education Teachers and Co-founder of the non-profit Disability Community Solutions.

Proud sister of a successful man with Down Syndrome, Ms. Whitcher's dynamic teaching within the classroom led her to her life-long passion of bringing education teams together for student achievement. For over 10 years, Precision Education, a special education consulting firm has been focused on maximizing special education results for students, parents & teachers. The development of Back to Future IEP Planning TM, exclusively presented by Precision Education, has led to students with exceptional learning needs meeting their potential and exceeding expectations. Precision Education represents a parent focused, school friendly, child-centered approach to success.
800.432.0170 www.PrecisionEducation.com



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  • Synonyms for child-centered include: activity schedule, activity schedules, child centered, child-centered play
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