Autism Therapy: eye contact

definition of eye contact: not yet defined.

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Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, by Silverman, MJ, published in 2008, summarized Sep 8, 2009

Music therapy may help nonverbal people with autism communicate through the music.

Music is a nonverbal form of communication that is used by many people. Even verbal people use music to communicate things that words cannot express. Music therapy may help nonverbal people with autism communicate and thereby connect with other people. The author describes several studies, which showed that music therapy may be very helpful for people with autism. The author also described a case study of a nonverbal 29-year-old woman with autism. The author and the woman developed a relationship, and the patient showed improved eye contact and vocalization. They both enjoyed the therapy sessions very much.


BMC Pediatric, by Rossignol, DA, Rossignol LW, Smith S., Schneider C., Logerquist S., Usman A., Neubrander J., Madren EM, Hintz G., Grushkin B., et al., published in 2009, summarized May 25, 2009

Hyperbaric treatment (40 hourly sessions) may improve function, language, social skills, eye contact, and sensory awareness in children with autism.

Many children with autism have poor blood flow and low levels of oxygen in their brains. While this has been measured, no one knows why the brains of children with autism are different from the brains of other children. This study was done to see if hyperbaric treatment could help relieve the symptoms of autism. This trial is the first controlled study of hyperbaric treatment in children with autism. The use of hyperbaric treatment at 1.3 atm and 24% oxygen was safe with no side effects.


Work, by Higgins, KK, Koch LC, Boughfman EM, and Viersta C., published in 2008, summarized Mar 13, 2009

A transition treatment team that looks closely at the weaknesses and strengths of a person with Asperger's Syndrome may be able to help in the school-to-work transition.

Youth with Asperger Syndrome are at great risk of not having jobs. People with Asperger Syndrome are often smart, but they may lack the social skills and language usage skills required to hold a job. These skills may include eye contact, body posture, and gestures. People with Asperger's may come across as loners and not have a network of friends to rely upon to find a job. The authors of this paper look at Asperger Syndrome and issues that people with Asperger Syndrome may have as they move from school to work.


EP Magazine, by Freedman, B., and Silverman W., published in 2008, summarized Aug 22, 2008

New research shows that children with autism may be able to improve their social and problem-solving skills using social skills group therapy.

This article describes the importance of social skills for children with autism. Many children with autism do not understand the social rules and cues that happen every day. These problems can be found in even very young children (14 months) with autism. Children with high-functioning autism may look and sound like any other kid, but they have problems with social cues that may get in the way of their making and keeping friends. These problems can also include poor eye contact, having a hard time with conversation, and not understanding the thoughts and feelings of others.


Mark and Kelly Bowers, clinical psychologists who work with teens with Asperger’s, have developed an App to help with social cues. Currently available on iPhones and iPads, Sosh is designed to “help tweens, teens, and young adults improve social skills.” The Bowers understand that in many cases youngsters with Asperger’s are smart and technically savvy, but lack the ability to compete socially. Sosh comes with interactive features that include “What Did That Mean?” A teen can look up “Jump in a lake,” and discover that he’s being asked to back off, not literally jump into a body of water. The App focuses on: Relate, Recognize, Regulate, Reason, and Relax. Users can find exercises that help them make eye contact, how close to stand to a person, and at what volume to speak. The Bowers saw a need for social interaction once kids had passed the early intervention stage.

Read original article: App Helps Special Students with Asperger's


Since the times of ancient Egyptians and Hippocrates (over 2,400 years ago), there has been much to recommend aquatic therapy (or swim therapy). This form of physical therapy takes place in water and is a low impact activity. Recent research with children with autism has shown “substantial increases in attention, muscle strength and balance, as well as the ability to tolerate touch and to initiate and maintain eye contact.” Another study followed kids with autism who used swim therapy for over 10 years and found they had increased movement, family interaction, and were better able to handle sensory issues. Lisa Koo, OTR/L at Bergen Pediatric Therapy Center explains water therapy is unique because of buoyancy, water pressure, reduced force on joints, and increased body awareness.

Read original article: Aquatic Therapy


Roberta Scherf, founder of MeMoves, was looking for a way to help her daughter with autism and sensory integration disorder. She used music and movement to help calm her daughter and as a result saw improvements in eye contact, reading, and communication. There is no narration in the video nor are there loud noises; the video is useful to calm and focus people from the ages of three to seniors. Joy, Calm, and Focus are the three video sequences presented. “People of all ages and ethnicities, from young children to grandparents, are shown one at a time, slowly moving their arms in different patterns and keeping rhythm to a mesmerizing beat.” Chanda McDonnell, a teacher who uses MeMoves in her classroom says, “It just settles them down so quickly and gets them ready to go back to work.”

Read original article: On the Move (and Calm as a Result)


We have written news stories in the past about the use of robots to teach and interact with children with autism. Robots are becoming even more prevalent in teaching situations. For example, not only are they being used to help children with autism, but in some countries, robots are teaching academics to children. A youngster with autism in California has been paired with a robot to help him with basic social skills. The robot helps the boy maintain eye contact, and imitate movements. Computer scientists are working with artificial intelligence and machines to make robots that are “highly programmed machines that can engage people and teach them simple skills, including household tasks, vocabulary or, as in the case of the boy, playing, elementary imitation and taking turns.”

Read original article: Students, Meet Your New Teacher, Mr. Robot



Please comment on this autism topic.

Responding to aquatic

Sep 4, 2011 by Anonymous

I have been a private swim instructor, specializing in teaching children with disabilities for over 10 years in Los Angeles. Most of my swimmers are children, ages 2- 12, who are on the Autism spectrum. When these children are in the water, they all have shown a sense of comfort, mind and body relaxation. With certain cues, such as the word "focus," I am able to receive quick eye contact and immediate response to my action requested by them. Positive reinforcement and encouraging words, whether the task was perform correctly or not, increases their consistency of performance in the water. Their sense of body movement in the water becomes hightened because they have control over the water and therefore they feel the need and comfort to be in the water and be active.


Responding to interactive metronome

Feb 9, 2011 by Anonymous

As a certified Interactive Metronome Provider, I have experienced many positive results working with clients with Autism, ADD, ADHD, TBI, Asperger's Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue and seniors with balance/gait difficulty. There IS significant research on Interactive Metronome if one looks at the proper resources.  Increased focus/attention, better coordination, improved motor planning, improved self-confidence, better eye contact, less impulsiveness, less anxiety, better grades in school are only a few of the gains that clients I have worked with have gained as a result of IM


I have worked with close to 80 clients and have only had one client ( a 50 year old male ) with ADD who felt that IM did not help them in some way.


 

Can nutrition help verbal skills in children with autism? A study reported the August 2009 issue of Alternative Therapies says yes, for some children. Combined vitamin E and omega 3 therapy may help a type of verbal apraxia (a type of speech problem) that may be linked to food allergies and nutritional problems.

 Children with verbal apraxia have trouble pronouncing words and may have severe speech problems. Many scientists have thought that verbal apraxia is a brain disorder. This study suggests that verbal apraxia may also be related to metabolism differences and nutritional problems.

 Metabolism is the process of making energy from food. Metabolism is a complex system of enzymes, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that work together to digest food and turn it into energy that the body can use. People likely have a wide range of metabolic differences. Some of those differences can be quite large for some individuals. In this study, they suggest that some children with autism may have metabolism differences that affect how they process foods, and how their brain works.

 What did the study show? This study tested 187 children with verbal apraxia, and many of them also had autism. All of the children took 400-3,000 International Units of vitamin E daily. They also took 1-3 grams of polyunsaturated fats (including omega 3 fatty acids) per day.

 Almost all of the families (97%) reported improvements in speech, imitation, coordination, eye contact, and other skills with vitamin E and omega-3 therapy. There were few side effects reported during the length of the study.

 The authors also described blood test results for nutritional information about 26 of the children. They reported low carnitine levels, high anti-gluten antibodies (suggesting a gluten allergy), low vitamin D levels, and fat absorption problems in most of the children they tested. They described how nutrition and metabolism might be different in some children with autism.

 What do these results mean for children with verbal apraxia and autism? The results are exciting because 97% of the children showed improvements, and there were few side effects. Sounds perfect, doesn’t it? But it’s not quite as perfect as it sounds.

 There are some major limitations of this study. First of all, the researchers asked parents to give their subjective opinion of improvements. The parents knew they were in a study. Although they were given specific improvements to look for, there is a possibility of bias in favor of reporting a good result.

 Secondly, they did not use placebo controls. All of the parents and children knew they were getting the supplements. There is the possibility of the “placebo effect” which is when people taking placebo (“sugar pills”) report feeling better or actually show improvements. Many think it is the power of the mind/body connection that somehow influences how they feel or even how their body physically responds. There is scientific evidence for brain connections to the immune and endocrine systems to support these observations. It is possible that, in this study, the children and/or parents were hopeful that the supplements would work, and that influenced the outcome. There was a placebo effect observed in a recent study of citalopram and autism in children.

 Third, the supplements may be helpful for only a subset of children with verbal apraxia. The researchers chose children with verbal apraxia who also had metabolism differences….

 What is the bottom line for omega-3 and vitamin E from this study? In spite of the shortcomings of this study, the results are very promising. Children with verbal apraxia may benefit from vitamin E and omega-3 supplements, which may get their metabolism on a better track. And researchers will continue to explore the nutrition/metabolism link with brain function. Good nutrition is likely to be important for many brain functions, not just verbal apraxia.



Please comment on eye contact or other autism therapy topics.

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