Memantine may be helpful for people with moderate-to-severe autism disorders.
The glutamate pathway may be out of balance in brains of people with autism. Memantine is a medication that reduces certain brain activities by blocking glutamate receptors in the brain. Two clinical trials of memantine in people with autism had different results. One trial reported that memantine was helpful for improving language and social interactions in people with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Another trial reported improvements in memory, irritability, and other behaviors for people with PDD. However, language was not affected in the second trial. Neither of these studies included a placebo control. Better studies are needed to find out if memantine may be helpful for people with autism.









Please comment on this autism topic.
Ayurveda for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Jan 4, 2011 by sunethriayurved...Hi everybody,
I am Dr.Prasad M, MD (Ay.), working with autistic kids from 2002 onwards. I went through the article mentioned. Let me share with you an unbiased information on the scope of Ayurveda, the age-old Indian system of Vedic medicine, in the treatment of ASD. This is based 100% on my personal experiences. Kindly see the following passages. Comments and criticisms are welcomed whole-heatedly.
Scope of Ayurveda in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Trials with Ayurvedic medicines and treatments for their efficacy in ASD are going on at various centres in India and abroad. The main advantage of ayurvedic medicine is that it has got a magazine of safe therapeutic preparations of various forms which are developed by continuous trials and rectifications over thousands of years. There are many preparations like kwatha (decoction), churna (powder), arishta (self-fermented beverage), gudika (pill), ghrtha (medicated ghee), thyla (medicated vegetable fats) etc. In recent times, many of the herbs used in Ayurveda are proven to have excellent detoxifying effect as well as free radical- scavenging potential. The therapeutic preparations like kwatha are combinations of many herbs. These combinations are originally developed on the basis of ayurvedic principles. Till recent times these formulations were not given due consideration by the western scientists. But now the picture has changed. More and more ayurvedic preparations are under their evaluation. In Ayurveda, the compounds as well as single herbs are used for different purposes of health care like pacifying vitiated functional units called doshas, eliminating excessive toxic accumulations, providing targeted nutrients to tissues, tuning the mind-body coordination, sharpening the efficacy of sense-organs, and so on. These prescriptions are based on personalised evaluation of different aspects like body constitution, doshik status, power of digestion and assimilation, status of bowel evacuation, physical strength, mental constitution, and etc which is done by experienced physicians. Mind is an important factor in the healing of any ailment. It is assumed that mind is like ghee which is held inside a pot called body. If the ghee is hot the pot also gets warmed and if the pot is hot definitely the ghee also will be hot. You cannot expect warm ghee in a cool pot and wise versa. Similarly, food is given the supreme role in the healing process as well as in the maintenance of health. It is a basic concept in Ayurveda that there is no use for any medicine if one stick on to pathya (wholesome) food (as it brings about health spontaneously) and there is no use for any medicine if one stick on to apathya (nasty) food (as there is no scope for functioning of the medicine). In the context of autism, these assumptions are extremely important and seen exceptionally beneficial.
The care of autism, as per ayurvedic principles, is based on the protocol of a three-step intervention.
Again, though the stages are generalised the execution will be personalised.
The first stage is based on medicines almost completely. Medicinal preparations like purgatives, specific formulations for de-worming, for enhancing the functions of the liver and pancreas, for enhancing the digestive fire (Agni), and for regulating the intestinal motility are used in this stage. Certain preparations meant for squeezing out heavy metals from the tissues are also used. Turmeric, garlic, curry leaves, etc are having this advantage.
Second phase is mainly comprised of massages. Traditional methods like abhyanga (hot-oil massages), udwarthana (dry powder massages), pindasweda of various types, thalapothichil, pizhichil, etc are used here. These manoeuvres improve the muscle tone, reduce hyperactivity, create better motor coordination, and normalize most of the obsessive repetitive movements. Child sleeps well. The bowels become more regular at this stage. He/she will be more receptive to commands or suggestions. The demand for sensory stimulation slows down considerably and the symptoms like increased sensitivity to certain sounds (hyperacusis) slowly disappear. There will be oral medications parallel to the therapies and a few of these medications will be carried over to the next phase as well.
Third stage is very specific and sold not be started before the proper completion of the first two. This is an important point as there is a general tendency to mark the condition as mental retardation and to prescribe brain tonics and memory boosters to all autistic kids indiscriminately.
The major therapies in this stage are shirodhara (pouring of liquids like oils on the head), shirovasthi (holding of medicated oils on the head inside specially designed leather-rims), shiropichu (wetting the scalp with oil bandages), dhoopanam (fumigation with specific medicines) etc along with specific medications like kallyanakam kashayam, indukantham kashayam, gorochanadi gudika,balakanakapathradi kashayam, sidharthakam gudika etc. Certain specific herbs like sahadevi, sankhapushpi, vacha, vishnukranthietc are also used. Follow up is done with ghee preparations like mahakallyanaka, mahapaisachika, brahmighrtha, saraswathaghrtha, etc.
Conclusion
It is seen that the classical ayurvedic treatment done systematically give promising results in kids diagnosed with ASD. But it should be emphasised that the level of improvements is different from child to child. Another important point is that these interventions are made in a corrective manner. The child gets relieved of a lot of physical problems and tantrums. But this will not make him/her a normal child. Intensive training and special education are needed to put him on track and to catch up the peers. This requires the dedicated involvement of parents, special educators, and skilled professional like occupational therapists.
Scope of Ayurveda in ASD by Vaidya Prasad
Nov 13, 2009 by AnonymousTrials with Ayurvedic medicines and treatments for their efficacy in ASD are going on at various centres in India and abroad. The main advantage of ayurvedic medicine is that it has got a magazine of safe therapeutic preparations of various forms which are developed by continuous trials and rectifications over thousands of years. There are many preparations like kwatha (decoction), churna (powder), arishta (self-fermented beverage), gudika (pill), ghrtha (medicated ghee), thyla (medicated vegetable fats) etc. In recent times, many of the herbs used in Ayurveda are proven to have excellent detoxifying effect as well as free radical- scavenging potential. The therapeutic preparations like kwatha are combinations of many herbs. These combinations are originally developed on the basis of ayurvedic principles. Till recent times these formulations were not given due consideration by the western scientists. But now the picture has changed. More and more ayurvedic preparations are under their evaluation. In Ayurveda, the compounds as well as single herbs are used for different purposes of health care like pacifying vitiated functional units called doshas, eliminating excessive toxic accumulations, providing targeted nutrients to tissues, tuning the mind-body coordination, sharpening the efficacy of sense-organs, and so on. These prescriptions are based on personalised evaluation of different aspects like body constitution, doshik status, power of digestion and assimilation, status of bowel evacuation, physical strength, mental constitution, and etc, which is done by experienced physicians. Mind is an important factor in the healing of any ailment. It is assumed that mind is like ghee, which is held inside a pot called body. If the ghee is hot the pot also gets warmed and if the pot is hot definitely the ghee also will be hot. You cannot expect warm ghee in a cool pot and wise versa. Similarly, food is given the supreme role in the healing process as well as in the maintenance of health. It is a basic concept in Ayurveda that there is no use for any medicine if one stick on to pathya (wholesome) food (as it brings about health spontaneously) and there is no use for any medicine if one stick on to apathya (nasty) food (as there is no scope for functioning of the medicine). In the context of autism, these assumptions are extremely important and seen exceptionally beneficial.
The care of autism, as per ayurvedic principles, is based on the protocol of a three-step intervention.
Again, though the stages are generalised the execution will be personalised.
The first stage is based on medicines almost completely. Medicinal preparations like purgatives, specific formulations for de-worming, for enhancing the functions of the liver and pancreas, for enhancing the digestive fire (Agni), and for regulating the intestinal motility are used in this stage. Certain preparations meant for squeezing out heavy metals from the tissues are also used. Turmeric, garlic, curry leaves, etc are having this advantage.
Second phase is mainly comprised of massages. Traditional methods like abhyanga (hot-oil massages), udwarthana (dry powder massages), pindasweda of various types, thalapothichil, pizhichil, etc are used here. These manoeuvres improve the muscle tone, reduce hyperactivity, create better motor coordination, and normalize most of the obsessive repetitive movements. Child sleeps well. The bowels become more regular at this stage. He/she will be more receptive to commands or suggestions. The demand for sensory stimulation slows down considerably and the symptoms like increased sensitivity to certain sounds (hyperacusis) slowly disappear. There will be oral medications parallel to the therapies and a few of these medications will be carried over to the next phase as well.
Third stage is very specific and sold not be started before the proper completion of the first two. This is an important point as there is a general tendency to mark the condition as mental retardation and to prescribe brain tonics and memory boosters to all autistic kids indiscriminately.
The major therapies in this stage are shirodhara (pouring of liquids like oils on the head), shirovasthi (holding of medicated oils on the head inside specially designed leather-rims), shiropichu (wetting the scalp with oil bandages), dhoopanam (fumigation with specific medicines) etc along with specific medications like kallyanakam kashayam, indukantham kashayam, gorochanadi gudika, balakanakapathradi kashayam, sidharthakam gudika etc. Certain specific herbs like sahadevi, sankhapushpi, vacha, vishnukranthi etc are also used. Follow up is done with ghee preparations like mahakallyanaka, mahapaisachika, brahmighrtha, saraswathaghrtha, etc.
It is seen that the classical ayurvedic treatment done systematically give promising results in kids diagnosed with ASD. But it should be emphasised that the level of improvements is different from child to child. Another important point is that these interventions are made in a corrective manner. The child gets relieved of a lot of physical problems and tantrums. But this will not make him/her a normal child. Intensive training and special education are needed to put him on track and to catch up the peers. This requires the dedicated involvement of parents, special educators, and skilled professional like occupational therapists.
Memory lane
Apr 14, 2009 by AnonymousDisney World continues to be a main topic of discussion in our house when we really should be talking about first grade and what lies ahead for the next school year. I can’t believe kindergarten has gone by so fast. Already it’s April and May will fly by…June 9 is Thomas’ last day of Kindergarten which makes it a good thing that we cancelled our trip to the “vacation house” in June. That vacation was scheduled to start on June 6.
Thomas’ class is almost done with the Sea Life unit and will shortly move onto the Farm unit. At school today, Mrs. H. took delivery of twelve eggs and an incubator. All of the kids were very interested in this and I’m told that the eggs will be hatching 21 days from today. Hopefully, I will be there on that Tuesday to see what happens. Mrs. H. told me that the year she was pregnant with her daughter, she had to bring the eggs home on the weekends to turn them (the new incubator does that automatically, so there are no worries unless someone unplugs the unit) and she didn’t keep them warm enough and there were no hatchlings. She was already emotional and pregnant and she told me that she cried and cried about it, saying, “See! I can’t even keep little chicks alive and I’m going to have a baby…” She ended up borrowing hatchlings from another class.
Thomas is not as excited about this turn of events, as is his usual way of handling new and different things. He wants nothing to do with the eggs, the eventual chicks or any of it. What a surprise! I get so frustrated when he’s like that and I never know what I can say, if anything, to change his mind and make it okay for him. I usually just drop the subject which works in the short-term, but I need to know how to handle his apprehension about anything new or different. Maybe I should go back to the pictures I used to draw for him.
Thank goodness that the one new and different thing we’ve got planned (Disney) is something that he seems very eager for. That’s Mickey Mouse Magic for you, I guess. We’ve watched countless YouTube videos of different rides and views of the park and even a video someone took of the interior of the rooms at the hotel we’ll be staying. Nothing can prepare us better than that sort of thing. We’ve been doing immense amounts of Internet research as well. There’s actually a website called AllEars.net which has a whole section on touring Disney World with an autistic family/group member. Most of the time, it says that Disney can work magic with an autistic child…there were testimonies about autistic, non-verbal children saying their first words at Disney, beginning potty-training there and other amazing feats. One contributor to the site says that their family plans a yearly trip to Disney just because their autistic child makes such vast, lasting improvements there that they consider it therapy. The kind that insurance, lamentably, does not cover.
Thomas has been doing very well in telling us what has been happening at school. Today, I was there so I know what happened – but on other days, I get a very good description of books they read, math problems they did and what the question of the day was. They’ve been learning about sea creatures and Thomas told me all about sea turtles and dolphins; which sea creatures are actually mammals who breathe air and which breathe the water through gills. I think that the Strattera really helps him pay attention and retain information to be regurgitated later. I remember back to when he was in his first year of preschool and we would ride home in the car, me peppering him with questions about what he did and Thomas sitting there, stone-faced and staring out the window. He’s made such a huge improvement with that.
I was home alone on Saturday after working because Jonathan had taken the kids to his mom’s house for a while and I popped his preschool DVD in to have a stroll down memory lane. It’s amazing to watch how he never participated in circle time and showed extremely low interest in whatever was going on in class. Several times on the video, the teacher herself or one of her aides had to try and drag Thomas back to the action. It remains difficult to watch how he used to resist that kind of contact. On this video you could also hear Thomas’ echolalia…little repeated snippets of what the teacher was saying. We don’t hear it in that context anymore, which is wonderful. That video is so hard to watch at times (like when Thomas was kicking the teacher as she brought him back to the circle) but it’s a good thing for us to watch at times, too. Living with Thomas day to day, we don’t notice the huge improvements he’s made. Looking back like that reminds us of how much he’s able to do now and how hard he’s worked over the past few years. And despite the fact that Thomas did a fair amount of kicking and resisting that first half-year, the teacher still referred to him as “My Thomas;” another reminder of how Thomas, though difficult at times, endears himself forever to these marvelous people who work so hard to help him. He is very cute, so that helps too.
We have Hayley’s dance recital coming up on May 15 and Thomas says he’d like to attend with us and Grandma. We think that it may be good practice for the shows and things we’ll see in Disney World in which he’ll have to sit and enjoy the spectacle. We’ve been trying to explain to the kids that not EVERYTHING in Disney World is a “ride;” many of the wonderful things we’ll see will be in a theater-setting. So the dance recital will be a great tool to gauge how well Thomas can sit and wait and watch without being loud or difficult. Plus, if we have to haul him out of the theater, I don’t think it will cause too much disruption. We’ll be sure to get aisle seats and bring snacks…or the PSP – probably both.
Happy tears and tooth fears
Feb 20, 2009 by AnonymousSo much has been happening lately that it’s been hard to find time to write. The GFCF diet will have to be put on hold for now, at least. The good news – an improvement that could help us avoid that kind of major dietary inconvenience indefinitely – is that the Strattera seems to be working really well for Thomas. He’s been more attentive, making more eye-contact and telling me loads about things that have happened at school. Last Thursday, Thomas told me that there were three “stations” in gym class: a running station, a hopping station and a beach ball station. I asked him which one was his favorite and he said that he like the beach balls the best. I said, “Beach balls? That must have been a little crazy, with beach balls flying all over they gym.” Thomas said, “No. Mr. M. put up a little blue fence around the beach ball station.” All I could say was “Wow!” He’s never given me so much information about school before. Granted, gym does seem to be his favorite subject.
One unfortunate side effect of Strattera is having difficulty sleeping and Thomas seemed to not sleep at all for three nights running last week. I made an alternately frantic and comatose call to the neurologist who decided to add another half Clonidine around 3 or 4 p.m. to help ease Thomas into the evening. Jonathan and I were really skeptical about that. I kept wondering how much Clonidine his little body could take, for one thing. For another thing, I wondered if the Clonidine patch would be a better solution. The neuro still wants to use the pills and surprisingly, it did seem to help. The problem was that Thomas would get up around 1 or 2 a.m. and get into our bed which is his usual routine. The bad thing was that he’d get into bed with us and not go to sleep. He’d flop around like a suffocating fish, kicking us and waking us up. We’d send him back to his bed and hear his TV click on. Then Hayley would get up and come into our room. She said that Thomas came into her room and woke her up - I guess to play with him. So there was that one awful Sunday night where nobody got any sleep and it affected everyone negatively. Thomas didn’t think anything of it, but the rest of us were dead on our feet all day. With the extra half-pill in the afternoon now, he still comes into our room at some point but he sleeps peacefully at least. Hayley has been sleeping very well, in her bed all night until she sees Jonathan get up for work and then she comes in for a snuggle. Since the Strattera dose seems to be working well for now, we’re not going to increase it. Thomas hasn’t had any tics, so that’s great. It’s what we were afraid of. Luckily, the one that he developed while on Focalin went away as soon as we stopped the medication. I’ve heard that they can develop tics that never go away, even if the medicine is discontinued.
Thomas’ IEP meeting was on lucky Friday, February 13. It was a great meeting; very positive and everyone, as per usual, just LOVES my boy. Thomas has so far this year met or very nearly met all of the goals his service team set for him last May. His meeting last year was at the end of the school year, so he still has a couple of months to meet his goals and there’s no reason to suppose that he won’t. Thomas’ teacher, whom shall now be called “Mrs. H.” because I’m getting tired of calling her “The Teacher,” actually cried twice during the meeting, thus making me cry. The last time I cried at an IEP for Thomas was what I like to call “The Worst Day of My Life,” the meeting when autism was brought up. Thomas has come such a long way since then that now I can look forward to crying tears of joy. And watching his teachers do the same, I guess. Mrs. H. has become very fond of and attached to Thomas. He manages to endear himself so to all of his therapists and teachers. I understand why Mrs. H. was so emotionally moved; she is educated in early childhood development and therefore recognizes immediately when Thomas makes a breakthrough or reaches an educational milestone. She sees it for the huge leap that it is. At the beginning of most days, Mrs. H. has the kids draw a picture and then encourages them to write a few words about it. Most of the time, Thomas scribbles and makes up some story about it but won’t write. The Monday before his IEP, he drew a picture of an orange “race car,” colored it in and started writing that it was “An orange race car, going very fast.” I mean, this thing really looked like a car! It had wheels and everything! Mrs. H. told me that when I saw it, I would cry, but I didn’t. (That is, until she did in the meeting.) I was excited; I said, “Wow, that’s cool!” I think I just don’t understand the gravity of such things the way that Mrs. H. and the OT understand them. Either way, Jonathan and I are very touched by the tender and loving way teachers speak about Thomas. I found myself having to reassure Mrs. H. that she would see us plenty next year, because she’ll have Hayley and Thomas will be in first grade and I see no reason why I can’t volunteer in Hayley’s kindergarten classes too. She felt better after that. But Thomas is showing pre-reading skills; better than many of his classmates in some cases, continues to improve his writing and recognizing letter sounds and shocks us all from time to time with his amazing memory.
My job search continues, and I feel I’m very close to landing that perfect foodservice job I’ve been wanting. I have a second interview at a restaurant tomorrow and I papered all eateries within a five mile radius yesterday afternoon with applications and a winning smile. I’m hoping to be able to wait tables two or three nights during the work week and two shifts of various hours on the weekends. There are so many good reasons for me to find a part-time evening and weekend out-of-the-house job, the more I ponder it. One big reason (cash is numero uno, of course, but…) is that the kids will begin to see their father as more of a caregiver. One thing that happens frequently and always fries my cookies is that I’ll be deeply engrossed in some chore or activity like running on the treadmill, folding laundry or even taking a shower. Jonathan will be sitting on the couch in the living room, watching TV. Hayley will come in and ask for a snack. My immediate question is, “What’s Daddy doing?” She tells me so I send her to ask Daddy to get her the snack. Fifteen seconds later, she’s back and she says, “Daddy wants to know if it’s okay if I have a snack.” See, Hayley went and asked Jonathan if she could HAVE a snack, she didn’t tell him that I asked HIM to get HER the snack. “Yes! For the love of God, child, you may have a snack!” Now I’m getting irritated. Fifteen seconds later, Jonathan comes into the room. “Did you say it was okay for Hayley to have a snack?” He thinks she’s trying to pull a fast one. By then, I’m so frustrated that I start raving like a madwoman and nobody understands why. So maybe – maybe – if I’m completely out of the house, Jonathan can decide for himself if the children are worthy of our pantry full of snack foods. And the kids won’t even be able to consider asking me in the first place.
As I said, the money will be great. If I can make a couple hundred a week, we’re going to go ahead a book a trip to Disney World in August, I think. We have some money coming to us that we didn’t even know we were supposed to get (it was really our money anyway; the county assessor was just “borrowing” it from us until we noticed, it seems) and that coupled with the extra income I hope to earn will make it possible for us to finally take our children to see The Mouse. We’ve been dreaming of it ever since we went to Disney World for our honeymoon and saw happy families riding the teacups and Flying Dumbos. “Wow, won’t it be great to take our hypothetical children here some day,” we’d say to each other. Actually, I can remember several times while we were there that I thought it would be nice if we had a kid or two with us for this show or that ride. It appears to be within reach. I know, it’ll be hotter than hell in Florida in August (ninety-two degrees is the average daily high), but we don’t want to take the kids out of school to go. We have two immediate family weddings in November, one of them over Thanksgiving weekend, we don’t want to go over Christmas and miss that with our families and I wouldn’t touch Spring Break with a ten-foot pole. So that leaves summer vacation, and we’ll need more time to save dough than a vacation in June would give us. That’s our decision. Now I just need to get hired and make a dazzling impression. Shouldn’t be too hard.
Jonathan took the kids to the Monster Truck Jam last weekend on Valentine’s Day, also our eleventh wedding anniversary. Hayley pretty much hated it; it was way too loud for her (Jonathan remembered to bring earplugs, but even so, it was too loud) but Thomas loved it. His favorite part was the motorcycle tricks. So Thomas would go again, but we’ll have to find some Mommy-and-Hayley activity the next time the Monster Trucks are in town.
The last bit of drama I’m going to share this evening is that Thomas has reached a physiological milestone: he has two loose teeth. The bottom two in the middle, the two that popped through right on schedule on his six-month birthday, are preparing to leave on a high-note. Thomas wants nothing to do with this whole process. We’ve mentioned it to him before, always with negative results so we’ve been kind of hoping that we had a little more time. Nothing doing, says Mother Nature. He spent most of today whining and complaining and actually crying at times. At one point, he asked me for some tape so that he could “fix” the ones that were loose. We tried everything we could think of to put him at ease. I drew him pictures like I used to in the old days. It only upset him more because I drew smiley faces on the kids who had lost teeth and he said that they should have had sad faces. I tried showing him Sophie the Dog’s puppy teeth which I saved (no idea, don’t ask), but he wanted to put them back in her mouth. At dance class, one of Hayley’s friends was missing both of her bottom middle teeth and she gleefully obliged when we asked to have a look, but Thomas didn’t really care. He is threatening that when one finally falls out, he’s going to “cram it back in.” Those are his words, not mine. He actually said “cram.” Losing teeth is fine for everyone else, but Thomas is completely against it. For one thing, he knows that the new teeth are called “adult teeth” and he wants to never be grown-up. We’ve started calling them “big-boy teeth,” but he doesn’t really want to be a big boy, either. Of course, all of this represents change, which Thomas is firmly dead-set against in all forms. Unfortunately, nothing can be done to stop baby teeth falling out, so we’re going to have to weather the storm.
Although very resistant to change, Thomas did show a great deal of enthusiasm for flying in an airplane to go to Walt Disney World. Go figure.