Autism Therapy: pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)

definition of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD): Defined as a broad category of disorders in which there is a delay in the development of basic functions including communication and social interaction. PDD includes autism spectrum disorders (autism disorder, childhood disintegration disorder, Rett syndrome, Asperger’s syndrome, and PDD-not otherwise specified or PDD-NOS).

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J Autism Dev Disord, by , published in 2009, summarized Nov 4, 2010

Children’s GI problems appear less likely to respond to autism treatment and therefore GI symptoms may need to be considered and treated when creating a treatment plan for a child with autism.

The purpose of this study was to study the GI problems in a large sample of children with autism. The authors studied 172 children who entered two large-scale autism drug therapy trials. The groups (GI problems and no GI problems) were the same with regards to sex, race, special education placement, and family background. It seemed that those children who had more GI problems also had more behavioral problems. Children with autism and GI problems also had more social problems than children without GI problems.


Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, by Stigler, KA, Diener JT, Kohn AE, Li L., Erickson CA, Posey DJ, and McDougle CJ, published in 2009, summarized Jul 22, 2010

Aripiprazole may help to improve severe irritability in children with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome.

This prospective, open-label study sought to find out if the drug aripiprazole was safe and helpful as a treatment for irritability in children with PDD-NOS and Asperger syndrome. The 14-week study found that aripiprazole was safe and may be helpful for such patients. The patients showed decreased irritability as well as increased social behavior. The authors note that there are not many studies of patients with PDD-NOS (as opposed to autism). PDD-NOS is the most common subtype of PDD and the authors called for more studies of these patients.


Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, by Hutzler, Y., and Margalit M., published in 2009, summarized Jun 22, 2010

Students with autism benefit from being included in a mainstream physical education class.

Most people believe that having children with autism in a normal classroom does not slow down neurotypical students, but few studies have looked at this issue. The main purpose of this study was to see how seven junior-high school students with autism learned field hockey skills within a normal classroom. The study also looked to see if the fact that the students with autism were in a normal classroom somehow slowed down the other students in the classroom. The authors noted that the students with autism acquired skills more slowly than neurotypical students. The students with autism did acquire skills more quickly, though, when they were in a normal classroom and their presence did not slow down the neurotypical students.


International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, by Cosper, SM, Lee GP, Peters SB, and Bishop E., published in 2009, summarized May 27, 2010

Interactive Metronome training may help children with attention deficit disorder or pervasive developmental disorder who have deficits in visuomotor control and speed.

This study was designed to see if Interactive Metronome therapy can help these children move better and pay attention better. The study was designed so that each child acted as his or her own control. The authors found that Interactive Metronome seemed to help with some aspects of motor control and reaction time. They did not see improved attention in the children after therapy. The authors note that there is very little research to back up the many claims made by people who offer Interactive Metronome therapy.


This article on parenting tips was written by Dr. Sarita Freedman, a clinical psychologist. Freeman suggests ten ideas that might seem obvious, but may get lost in the emotions of parenting a child with autism. Among her suggestions, which she details in the article, are: 1) Take care of your emotional health first; 2) Participate in your child’s activities even if they may feel strange to you; 3) Praise your child’s appropriate behavior; 4) Capitalize on what is unique about your child; and 5) Know when to ask for help.

Read original article: Top 10 Strategies for Success: Emotional Parenting of the Child with Autism/Asperger's or PDD


Austin Gilkey, a sophomore in high school, is on the Seabreeze football training staff and manager of the baseball team; he also has pervasive development disorder (PDD). While Gilkey has a non-playing team role, that doesn’t stop him from working out with the team, fielding balls, and improving his batting skills. He says going into high school he was an "academic", now he’s an "athla-demic.” His coach says that he is every bit as important to the morale and motivation of both teams as the senior offensive lineman. His mom is glad for the acceptance her son has found in high school.

Read original article: Autism Doesn't Keep Seabreeze Team Manager off the Baseball Field


Currently the only FDA-approved biofeedback/neurofeedback equipment use is for “relaxation,” however, some scientists, therapists, and parents say neurofeedback has been helpful to children with autism. The National Institute of Mental Health will announce the results of its first study of neurofeedback for ADHD on October 26, at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The study director said that parents and teachers of the 36 children in the study reported improved behavior. While most insurance companies do not cover the controversial treatment, the Magagnos of Lynbrook, N.Y., found that their insurance company did. Their son, who was diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder, was treated by Dr. Norman Doidge, a psychiatrist at the Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research at Columbia. Dr. Doidge discovered the child had suffered tiny, asymptomatic seizures, and through neurofeedback “stabilized the child’s brain activity” and eliminated the seizures. The parents report their son has improved skills. Many scientists and doctors caution parents to be careful when approaching this therapy method for their children until more testing has been done.

Read original article: Neurofeedback Gains Popularity and Lab Attention


A Florida teenager, diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDDNOS), has benefited from community resources developed by his parents and other parents of children with autism. These parents had fewer resources 12-18 years ago than parents do now, so they learned and taught each other about early intervention, speech therapy, occupational therapy, mainstreaming, and RDI. Currently, the number of resources in this Florida community is flourishing: Child Find , Exceptional Education and Student Services, and the Central Florida Autism Institute (CFAII), among others.

Read original article.



Please comment on this autism topic.

PDD-NOS Repetitive Behavior

Aug 28, 2011 by Claudia Cella

I'm looking for guidance. In case of a child with PDD-NOS that shows repetitive behaviours - such as playing the very same scene of a movie over and over - is it advisable to make him stop by using a distractor or negotiation or whatever works with him, or is it better to just let him watch the movie the way he likes?

The boy I have in mind is 7. He has been working with a neurologist, a psychopedagogist and a neurologist since he was diagnosed at 2 and has developed good social skills. He attends school, has friends, is a very calm, loving boy. He´s a happy kid. He usually has some repetitive behaviours but there are days that for no reason at all - at least to my knowledge - the intensity of the repetitive behaviours increases. Instead of playing with his brothers like he usually does, he may spend a whole afternoon watching the same 10 seconds of a movie, normally a funny part that makes him laugh.

So, is it ok to let him do that or should I find the way to make him stop?


College Living for Students with Learning Disabilities, Executive functioning Deficits, Autism Spectrum Disorders (including Autism, Aspergers, and PDD-NOS)

For students with special needs, life after high school is full of possibilities, including college.

Finding the right college program for students with autism spectrum disorders, Asperger’s, nonverbal learning disorder, ADD/ADHD and other learning disabilities is vital for a college student’s transition into independent adulthood. The right program should provide support for each student’s unique needs and goals.

With the help of New Directions, young adults with learning disabilities are experiencing independence for the first time in their lives. Some of our clients pursue collegiate endeavors and some pursue vocational training/tracks. New Directions helps students attend universities, community colleges, and technical and vocational schools.

For more information, go to http://www.newdirectionsfya.com/ or call 954-571-5102 to contact Dr. Drew Rubin, Ph.D.


Citalopram: No Effect in Autism

Dec 3, 2009 by Anonymous

Does citalopram help children with autism? A Citalopram (Cilexa®) study made a big splash in the autism community this month. Citalopram is an antidepressant that has been prescribed off-label for children with autism. Doctors thought it might reduce repetitive behaviors (rocking, hand flapping, etc.) in children with autism. A new study suggests that it probably won’t make a difference.  

Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which is a class of drugs that are FDA-approved for depression. SSRIs are said to be widely prescribed off-label for children with autism, but hard numbers are not known because of the off-label use. They are prescribed off-label for other conditions, including obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children.  

King et al (2009) reported results of a large randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of citalopram with 149 children (5-17 years old). The children had autism, Asperger syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). All of the children had moderate to severe compulsive or repetitive behaviors. They received citalopram therapy (10-20 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. 

Citalopram therapy did not reduce repetitive behaviors or improve any other behaviors that they measured more than placebo. The authors tested more than 11 behaviors and skills using 3 different standard clinical tests.  

Why is this important? For one thing, citalopram may be commonly prescribed for children with autism, though it is tough to know just how often. Pair that tidbit with the solid design study. The design is quite solid for this kind of study. They had 149 children in the study, placebo controls, double-blinded design, 12 weeks of drug therapy, and 3 standardized tests for 11 different behaviors. And they found no effect.  

The second reason it is important is that this study also showed a noticeable “placebo effect.” The placebo effect is when people who take placebo in the study report having a response (either better or worse). In this study, 34% of children taking placebo showed improvement in the behavioral test scores. The patients and the researchers didn’t know which they were receiving (hence the term “double-blind”). So about 1/3 of the patients showed improvements, whether they took the placebo or the drug


Pediatric neurologist

Mar 17, 2008 by Anonymous

My son was diagnosed with ADHD 3 years ago.  Recently, he was re-evaluated and diagnosed with ADHD, PDD-NOS, and reading and writing deficits.  His psychologist feels he has acquired TBI from birth.  Does anyone know of a pediatric neurologist that may be knowledgable in this area?

Lorin



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  • Synonyms for pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) include: PDD, pervasive development disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, pervasive developmental disorders
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