Autism Therapy: prompting

definition of prompting: not yet defined.

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Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, by Rayner, C., Denholm C., and Sigafoos J., published in 2009, summarized Nov 18, 2009

Using videos may be helpful for teaching people with autism as well as autism therapy.

The authors wanted to know whether some types of video technology are more helpful than other types for people with autism. Video is used in several different ways. Examples include video modeling, video prompting, and video instruction. The authors evaluated 44 scientific articles about using video technology with people with autism. Many studies reported that video technology can be a very helpful tool for therapists working with people with autism. Studies suggested that videos of themselves or their friends can be more helpful than videos of other people.


Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, by Klein, JL, MacDonald RPF, Vaillancourt G., Ahearn WH, and Dube WV, published in 2009, summarized Mar 23, 2009

Remote-controlled toys may be a useful tool when teaching children with autism to follow an adult's gaze.

This group of three case studies describes a way of teaching children to follow an adult's gaze. The authors used delayed cue training to teach all three four-year-old boys to shift gaze to a remote-controlled toy. The gaze following in some cases was followed by joint attention with the adult and in some cases not. The authors did not compare delayed cue training to other prompting types of therapy. The children continued to follow the adult's gaze even if the authors stopped turning the toy on.


International Journal of Special Education, by Vuran, S., published in 2007, summarized Feb 3, 2009

A teaching technique that uses most to least prompting may be a good way to teach leisure skills to adults with autism.

This study looked at the best way to teach adults the skill of making a basket from clay. The authors used the most to least prompting intervention to teach the skill to two adults with autism. The study focused on the teaching process, not how good the clay basket looked. The authors spoke with teachers and families and found that the adults maintained the skill over time. The authors note that it may be hard to apply this data to other skills in other settings with other teachers.


Behavior Research Methods, by Anson, HM, Todd JT, and Cassaretto KJ, published in 2008, summarized Dec 22, 2008

Vibrating pagers may be a good tool for prompting children to stay on-task in the classroom.

This study was designed to see if vibrating pagers could be used as a hidden prompt for on-task behavior in a first grade classroom. The authors found that the pager was a good prompt to help children with autism in a classroom setting. The pager was able to reduce the need for overt teacher prompting as required during applied behavior analysis (ABA therapy). The pager was also good because it allowed the prompt to be given even if the teacher was across the room from the child. The authors note that the study design used a "whole-interval recording procedure" which may not have allowed for a good count of the amount of problem behavior.


Tell Me About It! is a new iPad/iPhone app for kids with autism. Developed by Different Roads to Learning in New York, the app focuses on teaching language skills using applied behavior analysis (ABA) techniques. Different Roads explains that Tell Me About It! “utilizes Discrete Trial Teaching, a method of teaching students…by breaking skills into the smallest possible steps, teaching each step intensively until its mastered, providing repetition, prompting incorrect responses, and using positive reinforcement.” Tell Me About It! can be found on iTunes for $9.99.

Read original article: New App for Teaching Language to Children with Autism is Now Available


Meera Ramani, from the Al Noor Special Needs Centre, presented a session on school shadowing for children with autism. She spoke at a 2-day applied behavior analysis (ABA) conference – the first of its kind in India. She explained that the shadow person could be the parent of the child or a professional who prompts the child through their day in a regular classroom. Her presentation described shadowing and demonstrated how it could be phased out over time, as the child adjusts to the mainstream situation. The first phase involves a “high level of prompting." In the second face, fade prompting and language promotion is encouraged. The third phase involves "promoting peer monitors or sharing and lastly step in only when necessary.” She went on to say that both parents and teachers in India need to be trained in ABA.

Read original article: Teaching Autistic Kids Ain't No Child's Play


Most of us learn new skills and behaviors by imitating others; children with autism may have difficulties with this concept. Discrete trial training, which is a form of applied behavior analysis (ABA), may be useful in teaching imitation skills. This intervention uses prompting and positive reinforcement to teach the child. This therapy can be used with gross motor skills, requesting toys or food, and ultimately with speech as the tool for communication. The goal being that the child learns to imitate without the use of prompts.

Read original article.



Please comment on this autism topic.

I am a parent of an 18 yr. old young man with ASD who we have been doing RDI with for the past 3 years. Once we began the program his life and ours changed. He now initiates conversation with us - true conversation, with give and take, perspective sharing, observations are related and my interests considered. He is much more other-focused and considerate. Outbursts and anti-social behaviors have been significantly decreased. Our household is so much more calm and life normalized. His ability to make study us during communication (total body language - faces, posture, tone - not just the words said) and approrpriately respond and interpret this non-verbal aspect of language is really imporved and remarked upon by family/friends and teachers. He is able to do this on his own, no prompting, no scripting - it is becoming "normal" and happening as expected. We are completely satisfied with this program and while costly, it has delivered the results where others haven't. It really changed his life. I work in Special Olympics and have a control group to compare him and this intervention against as a result. His progress compared against his peers (same age/ school experiences/ but different interventions) is significantly better. We very much look forward to how far he can go.



This is a great description of PECS, overall.  One of the key tenets of the PECS protocol, though, is that the PECS user learns to initiate the communicative exchange.  This means that Phase I must involve a 2-person prompting procedure.  That is, there is a communicative partner who has what the learner wants, and a physical prompter who assists the learner to complete the picture exchange.  If the assistance comes from the communicative partner, the lesson is confusing for the learner and the prompts are harder to eliminate.


This is a great description of PECS, overall.  One of the key tenets of the PECS protocol, though, is that the PECS user learns to initiate the communciative exchange.  This means that Phase I must involve a 2-person prompting procedure.  That is, there is a communciative partner who has what the learner wants, and a physical prompter who assists the learner to complete the picture exchange.  If the assistance comes from the communciative partner, the lesson is confusing for the learner and the prompts are harder to eliminate.


Just wanted to pass along that Soma Mukhopadhyay's long awaited Manual on RPM is available.

News/Articles

Soma Mukhopadhyay's New Book Released

 

People can buy a copy either through her website Halo-Soma.org or they can go to Amazon.com. It really is an amazing read. She addresses a LOT of issues we as parents as well as professionals face when engaging our loved ones on the spectrum. Soma talks about autism and the brain ,behaviors,cognition,how learning takes place through the senses, different types of learners etc. Good gift ideas for teachers,para-professionals,family members.Full of solid information for everyone.

On a personal note,I have written here before about RPM and how our lives have changed because of it. RPM is for ANY learner ,whether your child or loved one is on the autism spectrum(Aspergers,classic"kanners Autism" )verbal ,limited-verbal or non-verbal. Autism,down syndrome,Angelman or other related conditions. For ages 5-99 ,there's no missed "window" of opportunity. Individuals with aggressive behaviors ? Soma has been successful working with them all.

Go to Halo-Soma.org to learn more. Visit Amazon.com and read the reviews as well.

This truly is a MUST READ.



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