Autism Therapy: social withdrawal

definition of social withdrawal: not yet defined.

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Epilepsy & Behavior, by Hughes, JR, published in 2008, summarized Oct 28, 2008

Children with autism have medical and therapy costs that are $4,110-6,200 more than children without autism.

This article reviews the autism research studies that were published in 2007. The most common drug therapy is risperidone, which may lessen irritability, repetition, and social withdrawal. Other drugs used as autism therapy include atypical antipsychotics, antibiotics, and memantine. One study found that acupuncture helped over half of the children with autism who received treatment. The article also reviewed massage therapy, robots, electroconvulsive therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and music therapy.


J Autism Dev Disord, by Pandina, GJ, Bossie CA, Youssef E., Zhu Y., and Dunbar F., published in 2007, summarized May 18, 2007

Risperidone treatment can help with bad behavior in children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD).

Risperidone is the best studied of the drug therapies used to treat problems found in people with autism. This study was designed to test the whether or not risperidone is safe and helpful for treating bad behavior in children with autism. The study had 55 children aged 5-12 years and lasted for eight weeks. Children given risperidone therapy were better behaved and had less irritability, lethargy/social withdrawal, and hyperactivity. There were no major side effects from treatment with risperidone.


The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, by ElChaar, GM, Maisch NM, Augusto LM, and Wehring HJ, published in 2006, summarized Oct 30, 2006

Naltrexone is currently not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the management of symptoms and behaviors associated with autism. This article reviews 22 available studies (published between 1987 and 2001) and finds that naltrexone may help to stop self-injurious behavior as well as hyperactivity, agitation, aggression, irritability, temper tantrums, social withdrawal, attention, eye contact, and stereotyped behaviors.

The authors begin by outlining the theory that children with autism may have high levels of the protein by-products casomorphine and gluteomorphine in their systems. These by-products are created as a result of digesting milk and grain proteins. Naltrexone blocks some of the action of casomorphine and gluteomorphine in the brain. Some of the studies included in this review showed that daily naltrexone treatment (doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day, or 10-35 mg a day for a 40-pound child) resulted in improved behavior. The authors suggest that most likely only a small percentage of children with autism can be helped by naltrexone, and they acknowledge that it is difficult at this point to identify these children. The authors conclude by suggesting that naltrexone therapy (beginning at 0.5 mg/kg) be tried in children with autism and self-injurious behavior, especially if all other therapies have failed. Finally, the authors note that the most commonly reported side effect of naltrexone was sleepiness.


Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, by Lelord, G., Muh JP, Barthelemy C., Martineau J., Garreau B., and Callaway E., published in 1981, summarized Oct 21, 2006

This article reports that the behavior of some children with autism can be improved by high doses of vitamin B6 and magnesium.

This is a follow-up study to previous work showing that the withdrawal of vitamin B6 had negative influences on the behavior of children with autism. The first experiment in this study focuses on 44 children (3.5 to 16 years old) who had been diagnosed with â??autistic symptomsâ? (social withdrawal, stereotyped behavior, tantrums, and hypersensitivity to sensory stimulation). All children received vitamin B6 at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight daily (about 545 mg daily for a 40-pound child) for two weeks; magnesium was also given to each child at several doses depending on body weight, but exact dose is not stated in the article. For 15 of the 44 children (34%), behavior improved during the treatment period, including increases in alertness, reductions in tantrums, and improved overall outlook on life. In 14 of these fifteen children, the improvements disappeared several weeks after the children stopped taking the supplements. The second experiment in this study was a well-controlled, double-blind experiment focusing on 21 of the children who had been included in the first study. As in the first experiment, the supplements were taken for two weeks, and these two weeks either followed or preceded placebo treatment. Ten of the children who had previously improved with the supplements also improved during the supplement treatment, and two of the children who had previously not responded to the supplements had improved behavior this time. There were no significant side effects.


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