A number of drugs are used, with indications and off-label, to treat symptoms associated with autism and additional conditions (comorbidities) associated with autism. These may include anxiety, epilepsy, and attention deficit disorders. The only two drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administraion to treat symptoms related to autism are Risperdal and Abilify. The drugs in the table below may be given to people on the autism spectrum. Click on the drug name to see all research articles, news, and comments on our site about that drug.
At Healing Thresholds, we believe that a therapy program should be specific to the child and evolve with the child. In some cases, and at some times, a therapy program may include drug therapy. The use of any prescribed medication should be closely monitored by a physician.
| Name | Generic Name | Description |
| Abilify | aripiprazole | This antidepressant was recently approved by the FDA in the United States for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age. It is also indicated for treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in adults and children. Adults are prescribed Abilify as an add-on antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. |
| ActoPlus MET | pioglitazone hydrocloride and metformin hydrochloride | ActoPlus MET is usually prescribed for treatment of diabetes in patients who are not helped by treatment with metformin or pioglitazone alone. This combination medication works by decreasing insulin resistance and by improving sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat tissue. Pioglitazone is being tested in people with neurological disorders, including autism, because it can also be anti-inflammatory in glial cells in the brain. Preliminary studies showed improvements in behavior in children with autism. |
| Actos | pioglitazone hydrocloride | Actos is usually prescribed for treatment of diabetes. Actos works by decreasing insulin resistance, and increasing sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat tissue. Actos has also been shown to be anti-inflammatory in some conditions. Actos is being tested in people with neurological disorders, including autism, because it can also be anti-inflammatory in glial cells in the brain. Preliminary studies showed improvements in behavior in children with autism. |
| Adderall | amphetamine | Adderall XR is the slow release form. Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and in nerves. These brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) regulate activity and impulse control. Adderall is prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (falling asleep). It may also be prescribed off-label for people with autism. Caution: amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Administration of amphetamines for long periods may lead to drug dependence and must be avoided. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of subjects obtaining amphetamines for non-therapeutic use or distribution to others, and the drugs should be prescribed or dispensed sparingly. Misuse of amphetamine may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events. |
| Anafranil | clomipramine hydrocloride |
Anafranil is an antidepressant that may be prescribed off-label for children with autism to help decrease repetitive movements and improve social contacts. It is usually used to treat depression in adults. It is also approved for use in children (at least 8 years old) to treat obsessions and compulsions associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This medication is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and is a type of tricyclic antidepressant. One possible serious side effect from the drug is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Aricept | donepezil hydrochloride | Aricept (the generic is donepezil hydrochloride) is indicated for treatment of mild to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Aricept ODT is the orally disintegrating tablet form of Aricept. This medication enhances cholinergic function in the brain by reducing the activity of the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase. In people with autism, Aricept or Aricept ODT may help improve attention, learning, and memory. Possible benefits of Aricept or Aricept ODT are being tested in children and adults with autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. |
| Ativan | lorazepam | Ativan is an anti-anxiety medication that may be prescribed for people with autism to help reduce anxiety, and to help reduce symptoms of catatonia (rigid and insensitive muscles). Ativan is indicated for treatment of anxiety disorders, or for short-term treatment of anxiety associated with depression. |
| Bethanechol | bethanechol chloride | Bethanechol is prescribed for triggering urination and emptying of the bladder when urine is being retained. |
| Buspar | buspirone hydrochloride | Buspar is an antianxiety medication that is indicated for generalized anxiety disorder. Buspar may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to help reduce anxiety and aggression and to help improve behaviors. Buspar has helped improve behaviors in some people with autism. This medication is currently being tested in children and adults with autism. |
| Carbatrol - Equetro - Tegretol |
carbamazepine | Carbamazepine is the generic for three brand name drugs, Carbatrol, Equetro, and Tegretol. Carbamazepine can have serious side effects that include a serious skin reaction in people with a certain genetic background, which is more common in Asian and Caucasian (white) people than other groups. Tegretol is an anticonvulsant medication used to help control seizures. Tegretol may be prescribed for people with autism who have seizures, and can also help soften mood swings. This medication is indicated for treatment of epilepsy and for pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia. The physician should be notified immediately if any rash appears. There is also a risk of agranulocytosis and other changes in blood cells, so the person taking this medication should be monitored with regular blood tests. Carbatrol may be prescribed for people with autism who have seizures, and can also help reduce aggression. This medication is indicated for treatment of epilepsy and for pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia. There is also a risk of agranulocytosis and other changes in blood cells, so the person taking this medication should be monitored with regular blood tests. Equetro is an extended-release formulation of carbamazepine. It is indicated for the treatment of mania in bipolar disorder. Equetro can have serious side effects that include agranulocytosis and other changes in blood cells, so the person taking this medication should be monitored with regular blood tests. |
| Clozaril - FazaClo | clozapine |
This is an antipsychotic medication that may be prescribed off-label for children with autism to help reduce hyperactivity, fidgeting, and aggression. Clozapine is the generic and FazaClo® is the orally disintegrating form. Clozaril® lowers binding of dopamine to most types of dopamine receptors and other types of receptors on cells in the nervous system. Clozaril is usually used to treat people with severe schizophrenia, or people who repeatedly threaten to commit suicide. As an uncommon side effect, there is increased risk of seizures or agranulocytosis (a change in white blood cells that can be severe and result in death). The risks are a concern particularly in children and adolescents, and in people who might already have a risk for seizures. The risks also increase with increasing dose of the medication. Other side effects can also occur. People taking Clozaril need to be carefully monitored with regular blood tests for possible side effects. |
| Concerta | methylphenidate hydrochloride | Some children with autism also have ADHD and this drug may be helpful in treating the symptoms of ADHD. Concerta is a stimulant that is approved in the United States for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder. It is understood that drug therapy is typically only one aspect of a treatment plan to help a child overcome symptoms of ADHD. |
| Depakene | valproic acid |
Depakene is available in capsule and syrup forms, this is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy. This medication affects the way that cells get signals to turn on and off in the nervous system. This medication can have serious side effects, especially in children. People with autism who also have seizures might be prescribed this medication. Anti-seizure medicines may not completely eliminate seizures but might reduce the number of seizures. Doses and blood levels of this medication often need to be watched closely by a doctor or other health care professional. |
| Depakote | divalproex sodium |
Depakote is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy. This medication affects the way that cells get signals to turn on and off in the nervous system. This medication can have serious side effects, especially in children. Depakote is usually prescribed to treat mania in people with manic-depressive disorder, to prevent seizures in people with epilepsy, and to prevent migraines. People with autism who also have seizures might be prescribed this medication. Anti-seizure medicines may not completely eliminate seizures but might reduce the number of seizures. Doses and blood levels of Depakote need to be watched closely by a doctor or other health care professional. |
| Dexedrine - Dexedrine Spansule | dextroamphetamine sulfate | Dexedrine is typically prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-16 years of age and for narcolepsy (falling asleep). The sustained release, Spansule Sustained-Release Capsules, are not recommended for children less than 6 years old. It may also be prescribed off-label for hyperactivity in children with autism and for adults with ADHD. Dextroamphetamine sulfate is an amphetamine that stimulates the brain and nervous system. Caution: Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse and may lead to drug dependence. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility that the amphetamines are being used or given to other people for non-therapeutic use. Also, misuse of amphetamines may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular (heart-related) adverse events. |
| Diastat | diazepam | Diastat is a sedative in a rectal gel form. Diastat is administered to people who are having severe seizures as a short-term treatment. Diastat may be prescribed for people with autism who also have epilepsy, and would usually be administered during the seizure. |
| Diflucan | fluconazole | Diflucan is an anti-fungal antibiotic that is prescribed to treat fungus infections in any part of the body. Diflucan is often prescribed to treat fungal infections in people with weak immune systems. Diflucan may be prescribed off-label for children with autism to help relieve their autism symptoms, based on the idea that autism symptoms may be related to fungus infections in children. |
| Dilantin | phenytoin sodium | Dilantin is an antiepileptic drug that is indicated for helping to control seizures in children and adults. If a patient would like to stop Dilantin therapy then he or she should do so gradually under a doctor’s supervision in order to avoid seizures. |
| Endrate | edetate disodium |
Endrate is administered I.V., and recommended only for severe cases of metal poisoning because of the risk of serious side effects, including death. Endrate chelates or binds calcium and other trace elements such as magnesium and zinc. Endrate is usually prescribed for emergency treatment of hypercalcemia and for control of ventricular arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms associated with digitalis toxicity in adults. Endrate should not be used in children because of the risk of death, according to the FDA and the CDC. Endrate has been confused with Versenate (edentate calcium disodium), which is used to chelate lead in lead poisoning cases in children. Mistaken administration of Endrate has resulted in death in some children. Any chelation therapy in children should be administered under careful medical supervision. |
| Eskalith | lithium carbonate |
Eskalith (lithium carbonate): Eskalith® is an antidepressant that may be prescribed off-label for children with autism. Eskalith is usually used for treatment of mania in individuals with manic-depressive disorder. It works by altering sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and increasing the break-down of some neurotransmitters. Eskalith CR® is a controlled-release tablet form of lithium. The safety and effectiveness of Eskalith in children with autism has not been proven but it may be helpful for some of them. |
| Fortamet - Glumetza | metformin hydrochloride | Fortamet or Glumetza (extended release tablet) is usually prescribed for treatment of type 2 diabetes in people over 17 years of age. Metformin works by decreasing liver glucose production, and increasing sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat tissue. In people with autism, taking metformin with antipsychotic medications such as risperidone may help reduce weight gain that often occurs as a side effect of the antipsychotic medication. |
| Geodon | ziprasidone |
Geodon is an antipsychotic medication that may be prescribed for people with autism to help reduce hyperactivity, aggression, self-abusive behavior, temper tantrums, lability (mood swings), social withdrawal, and repetitive behaviors. Geodon is currently in clinical trials to test effectiveness in children with autism. Some children have improved with treatment. Geodon is indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and agitation in people with schizophrenia. Geodon works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. |
| Haldol | haloperidol |
Haldol is an antipsychotic medication that may be prescribed for some people with autism to help control aggression. Haldol is usually used to control tics and vocal utterances in Tourette’s syndrome and to treat schizophrenia. This medication decreases the neurotransmitter dopamine and may have other effects on the nervous system. Scientists do not yet fully understand how Haldol is able to reduce aggression in people with autism. Haldol can cause noticeable side effects including sleepiness and muscle stiffness. |
| Inderal | propranolol hydrochloride | Known as a beta-blocker, Inderal is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and other heart-related conditions. Inderal is also used to help prevent migraine headaches in adults and children. Inderal is being studied as a treatment for severe aggression in children with autism. Inderal LA is a long-acting form of Inderal. |
| Klonopin | clonazepam | Clonazepam is indicated for use to treat seizure disorders and panic disorder. It may also be prescribed off-label for other conditions. Klonopin is one of a group of drugs called the benzodiazepines; it works by correcting imbalances in brain chemistry which may cause anxiety. Clonazepam may be habit-forming. Patients should not stop taking the drug suddenly before consulting a physician because the drug dose may need to be lowered slowly over time. |
| Invega | paliperidone | Paliperidone is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia in adults. It may be prescribed off-label for children with autism. Invega belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, lightheadedness, restlessness, and weight gain. More serious side effects can occur, and close communication with the physician that prescribed the medication is advised. |
| Lamictal | lamotrigine | Lamictal is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to help reduce lethargy (tiredness), irritability, hyperactivity. It may also improve language, communication, and social skills. Lamictal is indicated for treatment of epilepsy to help control seizures, and for bipolar disorder to delay mood swings. Lamictal seems to change how neurons turn on and off, which affects the release of glutamate and aspartate, two amino acids that are important in neuron signaling. There is a low risk of serious rash which can lead to death, so people taking this medication need to be monitored closely by a medical professional. |
| Luvox | fluvoxamine maleate | Luvox is an antidepressant that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to help decrease repetitive movements and improve social contacts. It is used to treat obsessions and compulsions in people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who are at least 8 years old. This medication is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). One possible serious side effect of Luvox is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully against the clinical need for the drug. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Mycostatin |
nystatin | Oral medication is Nystatin; cream form is Mycostatin. Mycostatin and Nystatin are prescribed to treat fungal infections of the skin, mouth, vagina, and intestinal (digestive) tract. |
| Namenda | memantine hydrochloride |
Namenda is available as tablets or oral solution. It is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s dementia. Namenda may be prescribed off-label for people with autism in an effort to help improve language, social behavior, and other behaviors. Namenda is a glutamate receptor antagonist (inhibits glutamate binding to its receptors). |
| Paxil | paroxetine | Paroxetine is an antidepressant that is a type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by restoring the balance of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, which helps to improve certain mood problems. Paxil® is prescribed for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It may also be prescribed for people with autism. One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Pepcid | famotidine | Pepcid is a type of histamine-2 blockers that decreases the amount of acid that the stomach produces. Pepcid® is used to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines. It also treats other conditions in which the acid produced by the stomach is a problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and heartburn. |
| Provigil | modafinil | Provigil promotes wakefulness. The FDA approved modafinil to treat narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. Off-label, modafinil is used by sleep deprived people to stay awake and to treat fatigue, depression, multiple sclerosis and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The FDA rejected an application by the manufacturer to use modafinil as an ADHD drug due to the side effect of serious rashes. Modafinil is not approved for use in children under the age of 17. Side effects may include serious rash, chest pain, anxiety, stuffy nose, diarrhea, back pain, sleepiness and nausea or upset stomach. |
| Prozac | fluoxetine hydrochloride |
Prozac is an antidepressant that may be prescribed for people with autism to help decrease aggression and depression. It can also help reduce repetitive behaviors, and improve language and social interactions. In some individuals, Prozac can make these symptoms worse, so each individual must be monitored closely. Prozac® is indicated for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and panic disorder in children and adults. This medication is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Remeron | mirtazapine | Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that adjusts the balance of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. Remeron® belongs to a class of drugs called tricyclic antidepressants and is chemically different from serotonin reuptake inhibitors and MAOs. It is FDA-approved for use in treating major depression in adults. Mirtazapine may also be prescribed off-label for children with autism. Side-effects include abnormal dreams and thinking, constipation, dizziness, dry mouth, flu-like symptoms, increased appetite, sleepiness, weakness, and weight gain. In clinical studies, antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of mirtazapine or any other antidepressant in a child or adolescent must balance this risk with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Revia - Vivitrol |
naltrexone |
This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol. |
| Risperdal | risperidone | Available as tablets, oral solution, or orally-disintegrating tablets, this psychotropic medication is used to treat: 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. |
| Ritalin - Methylin |
methylphenidate hydrochloride | Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Methylin Oral, or Methylin are mild central nervous system stimulants that may be prescribed for people with autism to help reduce hyperactivity and repetitive movements. Methylphenidate is indicated for treatment of attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and narcolepsy (falling asleep at the wrong times). |
| Rozerem | ramelteon | Ramelteon is an oral medication (tablets) for treatment of insomnia (an inability to sleep well). Ramelteon stimulates melatonin receptors in the nervous system, thereby promoting sleepiness. Many children with autism have problems sleeping and ramelteon is currently being tested for effectiveness in children with autism. |
| Sarafem | fluoxetine hydrochloride | Sarafem is an antidepressant that may be prescribed for people with autism to help decrease aggression and depression. It can also help reduce repetitive behaviors, and improve language and social interactions. Sarafem is indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a syndrome associated with menstruation in adult women. This medication is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Sporanox | itraconazole | Sporanox is prescribed to treat serious fungal infections which may invade any part of the body including mouth, throat, lungs, or nails. |
| Stablon - Coaxil - Tatinol |
tianeptine | Other trade names are Coaxil (Europe) and Tatinol (Asia and Latin America). Drug currently approved for use in France that is an antidepressant. Tianeptine is a serotonin reuptake enhancer. This mechanism of action differs from many antidepressants that are serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Tianeptine has also been used to treat asthma in children, erectile dysfunction in men, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). |
| Strattera | atomoxetine hydrochloride | Strattera may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to help with hyperactivity, obsessions, and other behavior problems. Strattera is usually prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Strattera works by changing the ways some neurons are turned on and off. One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Symbyax | fluoxetine hydrochloride and olanzapine | Medication containing a combination of fluoxetine and olanzapine. Symbyax is indicated for treatment of depression in bipolar disorder. Symbyax contains an antidepressant (fluoxetine) and an antipsychotic (olanzapine). Symbyax may be prescribed for people with autism to decrease anger, aggression, and repetitive movements; and to improve social interactions. |
| Tenex - Intuniv | guanfacine | Tenex or Intuniv (extended release form) stimulates certain receptors in the brain and nervous system. Guanfacine is indicated for lowering blood pressure and improving attention in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Guanfacine may also be prescribed off-label for sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anti-social behaviors, oppositional disorder, and Tourette’s disorder. |
| Thorazine - Thorazine Spansule | chlorpromazine | Thorazine Spansule is the name for the sustained-release form. Chlorpromazine is available in tablet or injection form, and as suppositories. In children 1-12 years old, Thorazine may be prescribed for the treatment of severe behavioral problems such as combativeness and/or explosive hyperexcitable behavior. It is also prescribed for short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity and conduct disorders that may include impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressiveness, mood swings, and poor frustration tolerance. Thorazine is approved for the treatment of a number of other different conditions, including schizophrenia, severe nausea and vomiting, manic type of manic-depressive disorder. |
| Tofranil | imipramine hydrochloride | Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that is usually prescribed for depression, and for childhood enuresis (bed-wetting). One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Topamax | topiramate | Topamax is an anticonvulsant that may be prescribed for people with autism to help reduce irritability and self-injuring behaviors. Topamax can also help reduce seizures. Topamax is indicated for reducing seizures in people with epilepsy for ages 2 years old and up; and also for preventing migraine headaches. Topamax is available as tablets and as sprinkle capsules that can be taken as a whole capsule or sprinkled on food. This medication may have a side effect of metabolic acidosis (the blood getting too acidic). People taking this medication need to be monitored closely by a medical professional and may require regular blood tests. |
| Trileptal | oxcarbazepine | This anti-seizure medication affects the way neurons are turned on and off. People with autism who also have seizures might be prescribed this medication. Anti-seizure medicines may not completely eliminate seizures but might reduce the number of seizures. Doses and blood levels of this medication often need to be watched closely by a doctor or other health care professional. |
| Valium - Diastat |
diazepam | Valium is a sedative that may be prescribed for people with autism to help reduce aggression and anxiety, or for seizures. It also comes as Valium Injection, or Diastat, a rectal gel form. The response to diazepam can vary between individuals with autism, so each individual should be monitored carefully. Diazepam is indicated for anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, skeletal muscle spasms, and as supplemental medication for severe seizure disorders. |
| Versenate | edetate calcium disodium | Versenate chelates or strongly binds to divalent and trivalent metals including lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, and mercury. Versenate is usually prescribed for metal poisoning, particularly lead. Versenate may be used in children with autism to reduce heavy metals in their body in an effort to improve behaviors. While Versenate may be prescribed for children, serious side effects (including death) can occur as a result of Versenate therapy. Versenate has been confused with Endrate (edentate disodium), which is usually administered only to adults under emergency circumstances because of the risk of death. Endrate should not be used in children, according to the FDA and the CDC. Any chelation therapy in children should be administered under careful medical supervision. |
| Xanax | alprazolam | Alprazolam is one of a type of medications called benzodiazepines. It works by helping restore chemical balance in the brain when there are imbalances that may cause anxiety. Alprazolam is typically used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression. It may also be prescribed off-label for people with autism. Caution: alprazolam may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Alprazolam should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. The medication should be kept in a secure place where others cannot get to it. |
| Zoloft | sertraline hydrochloride | Zoloft is an antidepressant that may be prescribed to help reduce anxiety and repetitive behaviors in people with autism. Zoloft is indicated for major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and social anxiety disorder. This medication is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). One possible serious side effect is increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. The risk of this side effect needs to be weighed carefully with the clinical need. Families should be aware of the need for close observation of the child or adolescent taking this medication, and maintain communication with the doctor who prescribed it. |
| Zyprexa | olanzapine |
Zyprexa is a psychotropic medication that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to reduce disruptive and repetitive behaviors. Zyprexa® is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania). Zyprexa Intramuscular is indicated for the treatment of agitation in people with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Zyprexa works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. Side effects can include weight gain, increased appetite, and dry mouth. Other forms of this medication are called Zyprexa Zydis, or Zyprexa Intramuscular. |









Please comment on this autism topic.
Thank goodness THAT'S over!
Jul 14, 2009 by AnonymousBastille Day. Also, visit-the-neurologist-day. Woo-hoo.
I do not understand what it is about these children that they absolutely CANNOT shut their little mouths for FIVE MINUTES while I talk to the neurologist. They were good and well-behaved until she walked in the room and that was it! They were acting like they do when I’m on the phone: like I’m standing around, doing nothing, waiting only for them to make some request of me. I broke it down, and every minute I get to spend in this doctor’s office costs $25. I had to ask her to repeat herself more than once because the kids were acting like we were at the park instead of the doctor. Then, after I finished my disjointed and frequently interrupted conversation with her, she dropped a bomb: She wanted Thomas to have blood drawn to check his liver and kidney function, and also a CBC.
I have lost count over the past few days of how many times I have told Thomas that there would be NO SHOTS at the doctor. Technically, I was right; there were no shots. But somehow, Thomas didn’t see it that way. The doctor told us that we could just come back tomorrow or the next day so that we had time to prepare Thomas, but this hospital is a good hour away (on two expressways that are both under construction) and I decided to just bite the bullet and get the blood drawn today. What jolly fun we had! Actually, the phlebotomists thought the kids were both hilarious. Thomas sat on my lap and screamed his head off while Hayley held her hands over her ears and said, “Mommy, this is CWAZY!” When they took the needle out and slapped a bandage on his arm, they offered him stickers and he said, “But I wasn’t well-behaved! I don’t deserve stickers!” We left the lab as both techs were doubled-over laughing.
Anyway, Thomas did a lot better with the neurologist’s exercises than he did last time. He successfully completed almost all of the things she wanted him to do which is a great improvement. We decided together that he should try an increased dose of Strattera, moving him up to 18 mg from 10 mg. We’re going to stick with the current dosage of Clonidine because he hasn’t gained any weight since his last appointment, which is good. A side-effect of Strattera is weight gain, I guess.
I just wish they would behave at this doctor’s office. No matter how I threaten them or try to coax them or cajole them beforehand, NOTHING works and they’re always a pain. I wish I could see this doctor without Thomas (or Hayley) having to be with me. I guess it doesn’t work that way.
In my last blog I mentioned that I was trying to get Thomas to do some writing over the summer. We did have a successful “writer’s workshop” about a week ago. We all sat down and drew a picture and then decided what to write about it. It took a lot of waiting and asking pretty-please to get Thomas to sit down and do the thing, but once he sat down he drew a nice picture of several cars on a street and then wrote – mostly by himself! – “there are 5 people in the cars.” I was so proud of him that I wanted to scan the paper into my computer and e-mail it to his teacher. In the end, I decided to leave her alone and let her have her summer. I was so tickled that Thomas even seemed to be happy with the whole thing because of my favorable reaction. We’ll try again soon. It’s just nice to know that Thomas hasn’t forgotten how to read and write since school got out. Actually, he did a much better job than he used to do in school every day, writing most of the letters and sounding out most of the words himself.
While at the doctor, we got her to sign a letter I drafted for anybody at Disney World who might want to see it. It outlined the reasons why Thomas can’t be expected to stand in long lines or be around people for too long. Really, the reason we’re going to get the Guest Assistance Card for Thomas is not for his own comfort or our sanity. It’s more for the comfort and sanity of innocent people who might be standing near us. I shudder to think of what might happen if we encounter metal queuing-area fences. If he’s got anything in his hands to whack against the metal, there will be no survivors. Anybody in line with us will be doomed. In fact, I’ve decided that’s a good thing to say if there are any rude looks or inconsiderate comments from any other patrons in line while we move modestly up to the front. “Trust me buddy, you don’t WANT to wait in line next to this kid! Wanna read the letter from his neurologist?” I’m sure everyone will be perfectly courteous and understanding.
We’re still swimming as often as we can and trying to fill up the kid’s summer days with fun activities, but it’s hard. The weather (I know, again about the weather!) has not been consistently warm or sunny, or I have to work that evening or we have a doctor’s appointment…it’s always something. We should (God willing) be done with doctors until January, so that’s good. Well, except for the pediatrician. Hayley had a check-up last week (along with a Hepatitis A booster for Thomas…I’ve never heard so much screeching in my life) and absolutely REFUSED to pee in a cup, so we’ve got to give them a sample sometime.
I’m not fooling anyone, least of all myself. It’s never going to get done, and I’m not making a special trip to the doctor with Hayley’s urine so they can dip a stick in it and tell us that all’s well.
Cabin fever in June...
Jun 15, 2009 by AnonymousSummer vacation has begun and I’m already being driven nuts by these children. These small, charming Gifts from God are making me wonder if we should move to a district that has a twelve-month school year. What’s really going on here is that Thomas and Hayley are driving each other nuts and that, in turn, is making me crazy. The root of the problem is that the weather has been so crummy (for mid-June) that we haven’t been able to do anything. If it’s warm enough to swim, it’s raining. If it’s sunny outside, it’s too cool to go swimming and all the slides at the park have big pools at the bottom. We’re still waiting and waiting for the weather to improve.
Today was actually pretty nice, but I made a grooming appointment for the dog that we had to work around. We left the groomer’s straight for Uncle Tom’s Pool and stayed there until the groomer called us to come pick up Sophie. Frantic pool and swimming activity usually works wonders on kids who have cabin-fever (in June, for crying-out-loud!) but my kids are not like other people’s kids.
We did have a few playdates a few weeks ago with the family I mentioned in my last blog. Thomas was actually really good with his buddy. I explained before they came over that he couldn’t just sit alone and play when we had “company” (what’s “company,” Mommy?) but he had to play with his friend. So, since he couldn’t play PSP, Thomas and his friend played MarioKart on the Wii. Whatever. They had fun. Hayley and her friend played Barbies and the littlest wee one just bounced back and forth, watching. Hopefully we’ll see them again soon and maybe meet at the park or something.
Graduation went fine, but of ALL DAYS for me to forget to give Thomas his Strattera, the graduation ceremony day was probably the worst. He had to sit quietly for semi-extended periods of time which didn’t work out too well for him. The video is funny because he kept waving me away, telling me to turn the camera off and go sit down. But he got an extra-special hug from Mrs. H., who I could tell was genuinely sad to have to say good-bye for the summer.
After the graduation ceremony, Thomas had just one more day of school that happened to be on Tuesday, my help-out day. So I got to be there for the last day, helping take everything off the walls and put things away for the summer. It was kind of sad. I’ve been there every Tuesday all year and have apparently built up a sentimental interest in the Kindergarten classroom and the routine. I really appreciated how much emotional investment the teachers must have in their kids by the end of the year and how hard it is for them to have to let them go. During the graduation ceremony, Mrs. H. gave a short speech about how once the kids go through her classroom for a year, they’ll always be “hers” and can come back and see her anytime. She got choked up as usual and it was very sweet. The kids all wore caps and gowns and Thomas kept pulling his up to reveal the decidedly un-formal t-shirt and shorts I put him in that day. No point making him doubly-uncomfortable in fancy pants AND mortar boards, I though. Nobody gave me any funny looks, though.
Hopefully the weather will turn better so we can walk to the park more often and maybe go to the zoo. All I know is that if we’re all cooped up in this house together for much longer, I’m going to start frantic home-improvement projects like re-painting or something. Hayley’s fifth birthday is coming up; her party is this weekend and Jonathan is apparently going to be up at 4 a.m., slow-cooking pork butts on the grill. It’s the only way, I guess. What I really want to do is get pictures of this madness. We’re going to turn the pork butts into pulled pork sandwiches made with Jonathan’s homemade BBQ sauce. He’s such a gourmand. I’m in charge of potato salad and coleslaw. And I’ll be buying beer too, I think.
We’re going to a wedding in Peoria June 26-28 and leaving the kids with Grandma Jackson. The dog’s going to my brother-in-law and sister-in-law’s house, God bless them. That’s the main reason I just had her at the vet and the groomer. Nothing says, “Gee, we sure do appreciate this” like dumping a shaggy, smelly and potentially unhealthy dog off with relatives. Jonathan and I certainly could use a break. We keep talking about taking a “date night” for ourselves, but there is just no time! This Friday, we’re going to be getting ready for Hayley’s party which is on Saturday, and I have to work on Sunday. We should be able to have some quality alone time in Peoria, if you can have quality alone time with twenty aunts and uncles, thirty cousins and their dates or spouses, your mom, dad and sisters all staying in hotel rooms nearby. We’ll have to take whatever we can get, I think. We’re going to be driving down with my sister and her husband, whose company we genuinely enjoy, so that will be fun too. Plus, I get to dress up! Yee-haw!
A couple weeks ago, Jonathan only had a half-day at work so we took the kids to see “Up” at the theater. We had never, ever taken both kids to the show before! Like so many things we’ve been doing recently, it was to be a litmus test for Thomas’ performance during stage and theater presentations at Disney. He was GREAT! Outstanding, even! He was, in fact, better behaved than Hayley. He sat in his seat and wore the 3-D glasses (yes, we sprung for the 3-D effect, but don’t think it added too much to the show. The previews were more impressive in 3-D than the movie was, so FYI, you can probably skip the 3-D showing and do the less expensive non-3-D show) and watched the WHOLE THING without complaint. The only problem was that he talked a lot during the show, asking a lot of questions, but he wasn’t too loud asking the questions and didn’t disturb others. There were plenty of children at this showing in particular that were allowed to run wild all over the place and I’m so glad to say that mine were not among them.
I’m trying to keep up with helping the kid’s reading and writing so that their brains don’t turn to mush over the summer but Thomas is totally on to me. He says, “I’m not in school anymore! I don’t have homework!” And then he finds something else to do. Hmpf. Hayley is still really interested in writing and will write words, asking how to spell them and drawing really cute pictures of people who look like potatoes with toothpicks sticking out for arms and legs. They’re really cute.
Well, there goes the random quiet moment I was able to enjoy today. Thomas is stealing noodles out of the colander and making Jonathan crazy and Hayley has fallen asleep next to me in a position that cannot possibly be comfortable. Ho-hum.
Memory lane
Apr 14, 2009 by AnonymousDisney World continues to be a main topic of discussion in our house when we really should be talking about first grade and what lies ahead for the next school year. I can’t believe kindergarten has gone by so fast. Already it’s April and May will fly by…June 9 is Thomas’ last day of Kindergarten which makes it a good thing that we cancelled our trip to the “vacation house” in June. That vacation was scheduled to start on June 6.
Thomas’ class is almost done with the Sea Life unit and will shortly move onto the Farm unit. At school today, Mrs. H. took delivery of twelve eggs and an incubator. All of the kids were very interested in this and I’m told that the eggs will be hatching 21 days from today. Hopefully, I will be there on that Tuesday to see what happens. Mrs. H. told me that the year she was pregnant with her daughter, she had to bring the eggs home on the weekends to turn them (the new incubator does that automatically, so there are no worries unless someone unplugs the unit) and she didn’t keep them warm enough and there were no hatchlings. She was already emotional and pregnant and she told me that she cried and cried about it, saying, “See! I can’t even keep little chicks alive and I’m going to have a baby…” She ended up borrowing hatchlings from another class.
Thomas is not as excited about this turn of events, as is his usual way of handling new and different things. He wants nothing to do with the eggs, the eventual chicks or any of it. What a surprise! I get so frustrated when he’s like that and I never know what I can say, if anything, to change his mind and make it okay for him. I usually just drop the subject which works in the short-term, but I need to know how to handle his apprehension about anything new or different. Maybe I should go back to the pictures I used to draw for him.
Thank goodness that the one new and different thing we’ve got planned (Disney) is something that he seems very eager for. That’s Mickey Mouse Magic for you, I guess. We’ve watched countless YouTube videos of different rides and views of the park and even a video someone took of the interior of the rooms at the hotel we’ll be staying. Nothing can prepare us better than that sort of thing. We’ve been doing immense amounts of Internet research as well. There’s actually a website called AllEars.net which has a whole section on touring Disney World with an autistic family/group member. Most of the time, it says that Disney can work magic with an autistic child…there were testimonies about autistic, non-verbal children saying their first words at Disney, beginning potty-training there and other amazing feats. One contributor to the site says that their family plans a yearly trip to Disney just because their autistic child makes such vast, lasting improvements there that they consider it therapy. The kind that insurance, lamentably, does not cover.
Thomas has been doing very well in telling us what has been happening at school. Today, I was there so I know what happened – but on other days, I get a very good description of books they read, math problems they did and what the question of the day was. They’ve been learning about sea creatures and Thomas told me all about sea turtles and dolphins; which sea creatures are actually mammals who breathe air and which breathe the water through gills. I think that the Strattera really helps him pay attention and retain information to be regurgitated later. I remember back to when he was in his first year of preschool and we would ride home in the car, me peppering him with questions about what he did and Thomas sitting there, stone-faced and staring out the window. He’s made such a huge improvement with that.
I was home alone on Saturday after working because Jonathan had taken the kids to his mom’s house for a while and I popped his preschool DVD in to have a stroll down memory lane. It’s amazing to watch how he never participated in circle time and showed extremely low interest in whatever was going on in class. Several times on the video, the teacher herself or one of her aides had to try and drag Thomas back to the action. It remains difficult to watch how he used to resist that kind of contact. On this video you could also hear Thomas’ echolalia…little repeated snippets of what the teacher was saying. We don’t hear it in that context anymore, which is wonderful. That video is so hard to watch at times (like when Thomas was kicking the teacher as she brought him back to the circle) but it’s a good thing for us to watch at times, too. Living with Thomas day to day, we don’t notice the huge improvements he’s made. Looking back like that reminds us of how much he’s able to do now and how hard he’s worked over the past few years. And despite the fact that Thomas did a fair amount of kicking and resisting that first half-year, the teacher still referred to him as “My Thomas;” another reminder of how Thomas, though difficult at times, endears himself forever to these marvelous people who work so hard to help him. He is very cute, so that helps too.
We have Hayley’s dance recital coming up on May 15 and Thomas says he’d like to attend with us and Grandma. We think that it may be good practice for the shows and things we’ll see in Disney World in which he’ll have to sit and enjoy the spectacle. We’ve been trying to explain to the kids that not EVERYTHING in Disney World is a “ride;” many of the wonderful things we’ll see will be in a theater-setting. So the dance recital will be a great tool to gauge how well Thomas can sit and wait and watch without being loud or difficult. Plus, if we have to haul him out of the theater, I don’t think it will cause too much disruption. We’ll be sure to get aisle seats and bring snacks…or the PSP – probably both.
Mouse ears and back-to-work
Feb 24, 2009 by AnonymousI hate to say this, but I think that Thomas either has developed a tic on the Strattera or that tooth has GOT to come OUT. Mrs. H. has noticed it too, but she thinks that it is from absentminded tongue-pushing against that loose tooth. I don't know...it seems like he's pushing against it with his tongue but it's in such a tic-ish way that it's hard for me to tell what it's all about. Jonathan said, and I agree with him, that we'll have to wait at least until the first tooth falls out to see if it gets better. If not, then there'll be a call to the neurologist in which I am instructed to take him off the Strattera immediately. Bye-bye great IEP meetings and terrific progress. Hello, extra TVs playing in Thomas' head, keeping him from effective communication. I'm trying to stay optimistic but I'll be really bummed...rather, EXTREMELY DISAPPOINTED if the Strattera turns out to be off-limits like the Focalin, and for the same rotten reason.
My first day of work which will be strictly orientation is on Thursday. Yesterday as I was taking Thomas to school, he told me that he wanted me to go to work right away. How cute. We'll see how he feels on Thursday when I'm not around to step and fetch and carry for him and Daddy has to do all! We'll see how it goes. I know that Jonathan will be interested in doing his very best so that we can go on our Grand Disney Vacation that we are still tentatively planning for August. The children have no idea of the scope and scale of Disney. I ordered a Disney vacation planning video a while ago that I filed away until recently. We watched it on Sunday during lunch and the kids (especially Hayley) were glued to it. So was Jonathan. I have to confess that even I was taken in by it. If any readers out there have any advice on touring Disney with an autistic family member, we'd love to hear it. Or any advice in general would be great. We're still on the fence about the dining plan...we're thinking that we can do better in terms of how much it costs, but if anybody has tried it and has feedback, please let me know. When we called the reservation hotline on Saturday, the gentleman on the phone said that every single Disney "cast" (employee) member is well-educated on special needs kids. I can't wait to test that statement.
Hayley's been down with a cold this week and missed school on Monday. That's the first day she's missed all school year! Unfortunately for Hayley, the beginning of any illness is marked by an in-bed barf-o-rama and she was in my mother-in-law's bed on Friday night when it happened. We went to pick the kids up on Saturday and I've never felt worse for someone because of what my child accidentally did! The entire bed was stripped and somehow Hayley got vomit all over the bedskirt. My mother-in-law had to yank that bedskirt off from under her very deep and heavy mattress all by herself at midnight. I felt awful and did make her bed (including bedskirt) over for her while we were there, but even when Hayley's thrown up at home in her bed, I've never seen such a serious and far-reaching mess. Thomas has managed to catch the same cold, but he doesn't vomit nearly as much as Hayley, so he's just a little stuffed up. It's amazing how these kids deal with illnesses. What would have grown-ups flat on their backs for days doesn't affect little ones nearly as much. I guess the bigger we are, the harder we fall.
I can't see anything very important on our familial horizon except for me going back to work, something I intend to do now until I reach retirement age. It will be a big change for the kids, sort of. They're used to Jonathan being gone all day at work and I won't be gone all day. Just a few evenings during the week and some weekend days but we all know Thomas and how sensitive he is to any kind of change. Luckily, I can rearrange furniture when I want to or buy a new bedspread when the spirit moves me. It's lifestyle changes for Thomas that bother him. We just put new bunkbeds in Hayley's room and he loves them so much that he wants some in his room. My folks have one more set that perhaps we'll go ahead and take off their hands. We'll be able to sleep an army in this house, but what I'm more concerned about is one spry little six year-old jumping cowabunga-style off the top bunks. It hasn't happened yet, but we just got the things. We'll see how it goes. If he starts his very own "Circus of the Stars" in Hayley's room, then I think we'll be limiting him to just one bunk.