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Healing Thresholds Autism Therapy Topic Feed http://autism.healingthresholds.com/therapy/withdrawal/feed en A Review of Recent Reports on Autism: 1000 Studies Published in 2007 http://autism.healingthresholds.com/research/review-recent-reports-autism-1000-studies-published-2007 <div id="biblio-node"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Recent+Reports+on+Autism%3A+1000+Studies+Published+in+2007&rft.title=Epilepsy+%26amp%3B+Behavior&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.epage=437&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=JR"></span><table> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-title">Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-title">A Review of Recent Reports on Autism: 1000 Studies Published in 2007</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-type">Publication Type</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-type">Journal Article</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-authors">Authors</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-authors"><a href="/research-index/author/1646">Hughes JR</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-secondary-title">Journal Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-secondary-title">Epilepsy & Behavior</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-year">Year of Publication</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-year">2008</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-volume">Volume</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-volume">13</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-issue">Issue</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-issue">3</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-pages">Pages</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-pages">425-437</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-url">URL for Abstract</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-url"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627794?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627794?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td valign="top">Full Text</td><td> <p>Children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> have medical and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/therapy"><cite title=" Intervention intended to help people with autism improve their health and behaviors. Therapy usually implies repeated sessions of treatments or activities. For example, speech therapy involves repeated visits with a trained therapist (or specialist) who works with the child to improve speech.">therapy</cite></a> costs that are $4,110-6,200 more than children without <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>.</p> <p>This article reviews the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> research studies that were published in 2007. The most common <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/drug"><cite title=" Chemical or medication that leads to changes in the body, usually with the goal of improving health. In some cases drugs can be abused, as in illegal drugs. Drugs include medications prescribed by medical professionals, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. ">drug therapy</cite></a> is <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">risperidone</cite></a>, which may lessen <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/irritability"><cite title=" not yet defined.">irritability</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/repetition"><cite title=" not yet defined.">repetition</cite></a>, and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/social-withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">social withdrawal</cite></a>. Other <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/drug"><cite title=" Chemical or medication that leads to changes in the body, usually with the goal of improving health. In some cases drugs can be abused, as in illegal drugs. Drugs include medications prescribed by medical professionals, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. ">drugs</cite></a> used as <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/therapy"><cite title=" Intervention intended to help people with autism improve their health and behaviors. Therapy usually implies repeated sessions of treatments or activities. For example, speech therapy involves repeated visits with a trained therapist (or specialist) who works with the child to improve speech.">therapy</cite></a> include <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/atypical-antipsychotic"><cite title=" Also called second-generation antipsychotics. This class of medications is used to treat psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These medications are also prescribed off-label for some people with autism to help reduce aggression and other negative behaviors. Atypical antipsychotics are defined only by being different from typical antipsychotics. Therefore, the class of atypical antipsychotics includes medications that work in a wide variety of ways. Currently atypical antipsychotics are considered first choice over typical antipsychotics because of fewer side effects than the typical antipsychotics in most people. Examples of atypical antipsychotics include clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine.">atypical antipsychotics</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/antibiotics"><cite title="definition of Medication or drug that is used to treat bacterial infections.">antibiotics</cite></a>, and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/namenda-memantine-hydrochloride"><cite title=" Brand name is Namenda®. Memantine is available as tablets or oral solution and is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s dementia. For people with autism, memantine may be prescribed off-label to help improve language, social behavior, and other behaviors. Namenda® is a glutamate receptor antagonist (inhibits glutamate binding to its receptors).">memantine</cite></a>. One study found that <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/acupuncture"><cite title=" Chinese medicine practice of treating or changing the body by inserting needles into specific points in the body. Acupuncture is a complimentary and alternative therapy that is used in many countries to treat a variety of conditions and illnesses. Acupuncture has been used to treat some people with autism. One small study showed that acupuncture helped children with autism progress more in speech therapy than children who did not get acupuncture.">acupuncture</cite></a> helped over half of the children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> who received <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a>. The article also reviewed <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/massage-therapy"><cite title=" Massage is touching, rubbing, and pressing various parts of the body, typically with the hands. The touch can be superficial or deep into muscle tissue, in order to relax and/or heal the area of the body. Massage therapists use various methods including Swedish, deep tissue, and acupressure. Children with autism may benefit from the feelings of closeness and touch and relaxation that massage therapy may bring.">massage therapy</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/robot"><cite title=" A mechanical means of performing a human task; typically a piece of machinery. Robots can be designed to help children with autism learn to read facial expressions.">robots</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/electroconvulsive-therapy"><cite title=" Medical procedure that uses carefully controlled electric shocks, which are delivered to the brain while the patient is sedated or anesthetized. Electroconvulsive therapy may be used to treat a variety of psychiatric conditions including autism.">electroconvulsive therapy</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-hbot"><cite title=" This therapy is the medical use of oxygen at pressures higher than that found naturally at normal atmospheric pressure. HBOT is used medically for a variety of conditions. HBOT is being explored for effectiveness in helping children with autism. There have been reports of HBOT improving language skills and social interaction in children with autism.">hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)</cite></a>, and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/music-therapy"><cite title=" Type of therapy whereby a trained therapist uses music in all of its facets (physical, emotional, social, etc.) to improve learning, build self-esteem, reduce anxiety or any of a number of treatment goals that are specific to the patient. Music therapy may be helpful for people with autism.">music therapy</cite></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> acupuncture antibiotics antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic autism drug electroconvulsive therapy epilepsy hyperbaric oxygen hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) irritability massage therapy music therapy Namenda (memantine hydrochloride) repetition review article Risperdal (risperidone) robot social withdrawal therapy treatment withdrawal Tue, 28 Oct 2008 16:22:50 +0000 scottie 2873 at http://autism.healingthresholds.com Olanzapine in the Treatment of Behavioral Problems Associated with Autism: An Open-Label Trial in Kuwait http://autism.healingthresholds.com/research/olanzapine-treatment-behavioral-problems-associated-autism-open-label-trial-kuwait <div id="biblio-node"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Olanzapine+in+the+Treatment+of+Behavioral+Problems+Associated+with+Autism%3A+An+Open-Label+Trial+in+Kuwait&rft.title=Medical+Principles+and+Practices&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=415&rft.epage=418&rft.aulast=Fido&rft.auinit=A"></span><table> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-title">Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-title">Olanzapine in the Treatment of Behavioral Problems Associated with Autism: An Open-Label Trial in Kuwait</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-type">Publication Type</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-type">Journal Article</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-authors">Authors</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-authors"><a href="/research-index/author/431">Fido A</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/1604">AlSaad S</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-secondary-title">Journal Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-secondary-title">Medical Principles and Practices</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-year">Year of Publication</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-year">2008</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-volume">Volume</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-volume">17</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-issue">Issue</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-issue">5</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-pages">Pages</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-pages">415-418</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-url">URL for Abstract</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-url"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685284?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685284?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td valign="top">Full Text</td><td> <p><a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/zyprexa-olanzapine"><cite title=" Psychotropic medication that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to reduce disruptive and repetitive behaviors. Zyprexa® is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania). Zyprexa® Intramuscular is indicated for the treatment of agitation in people with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Zyprexa® works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. Side effects can include weight gain, increased appetite, and dry mouth. Other forms of this medication are called Zyprexa® Zydis®, or Zyprexa® Intramuscular.">Olanzapine</cite></a> may help some children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> with the symptoms of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/irritability"><cite title=" not yet defined.">irritability</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">withdrawal</cite></a>, and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/hyperactivity"><cite title=" A physical state of abnormal activity. Some research has shown that food additives may cause hyperactivity in children.">hyperactivity</cite></a>.</p> <p>Over half of children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> are easily irritated, withdrawn, and hyperactive. This open-label trial study was designed to test the effects of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/zyprexa-olanzapine"><cite title=" Psychotropic medication that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to reduce disruptive and repetitive behaviors. Zyprexa® is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania). Zyprexa® Intramuscular is indicated for the treatment of agitation in people with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Zyprexa® works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. Side effects can include weight gain, increased appetite, and dry mouth. Other forms of this medication are called Zyprexa® Zydis®, or Zyprexa® Intramuscular.">olanzapine</cite></a> on the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a> of these behavior problems of children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>. The children (all boys) were between the ages of 7 and 17. The 40 children in the study did not seem to have <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/adverse-effects"><cite title=" not yet defined.">side effects</cite></a> to the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/zyprexa-olanzapine"><cite title=" Psychotropic medication that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to reduce disruptive and repetitive behaviors. Zyprexa® is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania). Zyprexa® Intramuscular is indicated for the treatment of agitation in people with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Zyprexa® works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. Side effects can include weight gain, increased appetite, and dry mouth. Other forms of this medication are called Zyprexa® Zydis®, or Zyprexa® Intramuscular.">olanzapine</cite></a> during the short (13 week) trial. <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/zyprexa-olanzapine"><cite title=" Psychotropic medication that may be prescribed off-label for people with autism to reduce disruptive and repetitive behaviors. Zyprexa® is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania). Zyprexa® Intramuscular is indicated for the treatment of agitation in people with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Zyprexa® works as a dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonist, and has other effects on the nervous system. Side effects can include weight gain, increased appetite, and dry mouth. Other forms of this medication are called Zyprexa® Zydis®, or Zyprexa® Intramuscular.">Olanzapine</cite></a> acts on the brain and is known as an <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/atypical-antipsychotic"><cite title=" Also called second-generation antipsychotics. This class of medications is used to treat psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These medications are also prescribed off-label for some people with autism to help reduce aggression and other negative behaviors. Atypical antipsychotics are defined only by being different from typical antipsychotics. Therefore, the class of atypical antipsychotics includes medications that work in a wide variety of ways. Currently atypical antipsychotics are considered first choice over typical antipsychotics because of fewer side effects than the typical antipsychotics in most people. Examples of atypical antipsychotics include clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine.">atypical antipsychotic</cite></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> adverse effects antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic autism drug hyperactivity irritability Prozac - Sarafem (fluoxetine hydrochloride) treatment withdrawal Zyprexa (olanzapine) Wed, 08 Oct 2008 17:08:52 +0000 scottie 2793 at http://autism.healingthresholds.com Risperidone Improves Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Autism in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial http://autism.healingthresholds.com/research/risperidone-improves-behavioral-symptoms-children-autism-randomized-double-blind-placebo-co <div id="biblio-node"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Risperidone+Improves+Behavioral+Symptoms+in+Children+with+Autism+in+a+Randomized%2C+Double-Blind%2C+Placebo-Controlled+Trial&rft.title=J+Autism+Dev+Disord&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.epage=373&rft.aulast=Pandina&rft.aufirst=GJ"></span><table> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-title">Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-title">Risperidone Improves Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Autism in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-type">Publication Type</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-type">Journal Article</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-authors">Authors</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-authors"><a href="/research-index/author/438">Pandina GJ</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/730">Bossie CA</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/731">Youssef E</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/732">Zhu Y</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/733">Dunbar F</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-secondary-title">Journal Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-secondary-title">J Autism Dev Disord</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-year">Year of Publication</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-year">2007</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-volume">Volume</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-volume">37</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-issue">Issue</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-issue">2</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-pages">Pages</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-pages">367-373</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-url">URL for Abstract</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-url"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17019624&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17019624&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td valign="top">Full Text</td><td> <p><a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">Risperidone</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a> can help with bad behavior in children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/pervasive-developmental-disorder-pdd"><cite title=" Defined as a broad category of disorders in which there is a delay in the development of basic functions including communication and social interaction. PDD includes autism spectrum disorders (autism disorder, childhood disintegration disorder, Rett syndrome, Asperger’s syndrome, and PDD-not otherwise specified or PDD-NOS).">pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)</cite></a>.</p> <p><a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">Risperidone</cite></a> is the best studied of the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/drug"><cite title=" Chemical or medication that leads to changes in the body, usually with the goal of improving health. In some cases drugs can be abused, as in illegal drugs. Drugs include medications prescribed by medical professionals, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. ">drug therapies</cite></a> used to treat problems found in people with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>. This study was designed to test the whether or not <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">risperidone</cite></a> is safe and helpful for treating bad behavior in children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>. The study had 55 children aged 5-12 years and lasted for eight weeks. Children given <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">risperidone</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/therapy"><cite title=" Intervention intended to help people with autism improve their health and behaviors. Therapy usually implies repeated sessions of treatments or activities. For example, speech therapy involves repeated visits with a trained therapist (or specialist) who works with the child to improve speech.">therapy</cite></a> were better behaved and had less <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/irritability"><cite title=" not yet defined.">irritability</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/lethargy"><cite title=" not yet defined.">lethargy</cite></a>/<a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/social-withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">social withdrawal</cite></a>, and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/hyperactivity"><cite title=" A physical state of abnormal activity. Some research has shown that food additives may cause hyperactivity in children.">hyperactivity</cite></a>. There were no major <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/adverse-effects"><cite title=" not yet defined.">side effects</cite></a> from <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a> with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/risperdal-risperidone"><cite title=" 1) aggression, irritability, and severe behavior problems in autistic children 5-16 years old; 2) bipolar mania in individuals 10 years old and up; and 3) schizophrenia in adolescents and adults. Side effects might include weight gain, increased appetite, and sleepy or groggy feelings. Risperdal Consta, an injectable form of risperidone, is usually used to treat schizophrenia in adults. ">risperidone</cite></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> adverse effects autism double-blind drug hyperactivity irritability lethargy pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) placebo Risperdal (risperidone) social withdrawal therapy treatment withdrawal Fri, 18 May 2007 19:22:55 +0000 scottie 1708 at http://autism.healingthresholds.com Efficacy and Safety of Naltrexone Use in Pediatric Patients with Autistic Disorder http://autism.healingthresholds.com/research/efficacy-and-safety-naltrexone-use-pediatric-patients-autistic-disorder <div id="biblio-node"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+Safety+of+Naltrexone+Use+in+Pediatric+Patients+with+Autistic+Disorder&rft.title=The+Annals+of+Pharmacotherapy&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=40&rft.spage=1086&rft.epage=1095&rft.aulast=ElChaar&rft.aufirst=GM"></span><table> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-title">Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-title">Efficacy and Safety of Naltrexone Use in Pediatric Patients with Autistic Disorder</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-type">Publication Type</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-type">Journal Article</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-authors">Authors</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-authors"><a href="/research-index/author/237">ElChaar GM</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/238">Maisch NM</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/239">Augusto LM</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/240">Wehring HJ</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-secondary-title">Journal Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-secondary-title">The Annals of Pharmacotherapy</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-year">Year of Publication</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-year">2006</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-volume">Volume</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-volume">40</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-pages">Pages</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-pages">1086-1095</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-url">URL for Abstract</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-url"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16735648&query_h1=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16735648&query_h1=1&itool=pubmed_docsum</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td valign="top">Full Text</td><td> <p><a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">Naltrexone</cite></a> is currently not approved by the United States <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/food-and-drug-administration-fda"><cite title=" A U.S. government agency that is responsible for assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation; for example, prescription drugs are regulated by the FDA. The web address is www.fda.gov.">Food and Drug Administration</cite></a> for the management of symptoms and behaviors associated with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>. This article reviews 22 available studies (published between 1987 and 2001) and finds that <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">naltrexone</cite></a> may help to stop <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/self-injury"><cite title=" Behavior or action that results in harm to oneself. Examples of self-injurious behavior include biting, head banging, and cutting. ">self-injurious behavior</cite></a> as well as <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/hyperactivity"><cite title=" A physical state of abnormal activity. Some research has shown that food additives may cause hyperactivity in children.">hyperactivity</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/agitation"><cite title=" not yet defined.">agitation</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/aggressive-behavior"><cite title=" Behavior or action that intrudes on others and may be harmful to others. Aggressive behaviors may be physical or verbal.">aggression</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/irritability"><cite title=" not yet defined.">irritability</cite></a>, temper <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/tantrum"><cite title=" A tantrum is a behavior that can be vocal or physical. Tantrums may not be caused by anything specific, but typically involve behavior such as hitting, self-injury, or screaming. Risperidone, behavioral therapy, and applied behavior analysis (ABA) may be effective interventions in reducing tantrums. ">tantrums</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/social-withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">social withdrawal</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/attention"><cite title=" not yet defined.">attention</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/eye-contact"><cite title=" not yet defined.">eye contact</cite></a>, and stereotyped behaviors. </p> <p>The authors begin by outlining the theory that children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> may have high levels of the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/protein"><cite title=" Essential nutrient that is the building block of cells and organs. Proteins are made of amino acids linked together. ">protein</cite></a> by-products <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/casomorphines"><cite title=" Protein by-products (peptides) that resemble morphine. The body naturally makes these peptides from casein (a type of milk protein).">casomorphine</cite></a> and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/gluteomorphines"><cite title=" Protein by-products (peptides) that resemble morphine. The body naturally makes these peptides from gluten (a protein found in some grains).">gluteomorphine</cite></a> in their systems. These by-products are created as a result of digesting <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/milk"><cite title=" Milk is a substance secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to feed their offspring. A mother’s milk is a complete food with protein, fat, and carbohydrates and is delivered via breast feeding. One of the proteins found in milk is known as casein. Some children are unable to digest casein, but are able to get nutrition from casein-free milk.">milk</cite></a> and grain proteins. <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">Naltrexone</cite></a> blocks some of the action of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/casomorphines"><cite title=" Protein by-products (peptides) that resemble morphine. The body naturally makes these peptides from casein (a type of milk protein).">casomorphine</cite></a> and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/gluteomorphines"><cite title=" Protein by-products (peptides) that resemble morphine. The body naturally makes these peptides from gluten (a protein found in some grains).">gluteomorphine</cite></a> in the brain. Some of the studies included in this <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/review-article"><cite title=" not yet defined.">review</cite></a> showed that daily <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">naltrexone</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a> (doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day, or 10-35 mg a day for a 40-pound child) resulted in improved behavior. The authors suggest that most likely only a small percentage of children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> can be helped by <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">naltrexone</cite></a>, and they acknowledge that it is difficult at this point to identify these children. The authors conclude by suggesting that <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">naltrexone</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/therapy"><cite title=" Intervention intended to help people with autism improve their health and behaviors. Therapy usually implies repeated sessions of treatments or activities. For example, speech therapy involves repeated visits with a trained therapist (or specialist) who works with the child to improve speech.">therapy</cite></a> (beginning at 0.5 mg/kg) be tried in children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> and <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/self-injury"><cite title=" Behavior or action that results in harm to oneself. Examples of self-injurious behavior include biting, head banging, and cutting. ">self-injurious behavior</cite></a>, especially if all other <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/therapy"><cite title=" Intervention intended to help people with autism improve their health and behaviors. Therapy usually implies repeated sessions of treatments or activities. For example, speech therapy involves repeated visits with a trained therapist (or specialist) who works with the child to improve speech.">therapies</cite></a> have failed. Finally, the authors note that the most commonly reported <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/adverse-effects"><cite title=" not yet defined.">side effect</cite></a> of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/revia-vivitrol-naltrexone"><cite title=" This medication may be prescribed for autistic children to help improve ability to socialize and make eye contact, and also to help reduce pain sensitivity, self-injury behaviors, and repetitive behaviors. Revia® is indicated for people who are trying to stop an addiction to alcohol or opioids (e.g., morphine or heroin). This drug is an opioid antagonist, so it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the binding of alcohol or other drugs to the receptors, thus blocking the opiates from having an effect so the person will stop their addiction. Some children with autism have higher than normal levels of beta-endorphins in their nervous system, and naltrexone can lower beta-endorphin levels. An extended release injectable form is also available and is called Vivitrol®. ">naltrexone</cite></a> was <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/sleepiness"><cite title=" not yet defined.">sleepiness</cite></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> adverse effects aggressive behavior agitation attention attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism casomorphines drug effectiveness Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gluteomorphines hyperactivity irritability milk pediatric pharmacotherapy protein Revia - Vivitrol (naltrexone) review article safety sedation self injury sleepiness social withdrawal tantrum therapy treatment withdrawal Tue, 31 Oct 2006 00:50:00 +0000 scottie 238 at http://autism.healingthresholds.com Effects of Pyridoxine and Magnesium on Autistic Symptoms—Initial Observations http://autism.healingthresholds.com/research/effects-pyridoxine-and-magnesium-autistic-symptoms-initial-observations <div id="biblio-node"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Pyridoxine+and+Magnesium+on+Autistic+Symptoms%E2%80%94Initial+Observations&rft.title=Journal+of+Autism+and+Developmental+Disorders&rft.date=1981&rft.volume=11&rft.spage=219&rft.epage=230&rft.aulast=Lelord&rft.auinit=G"></span><table> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-title">Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-title">Effects of Pyridoxine and Magnesium on Autistic Symptoms—Initial Observations</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-type">Publication Type</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-type">Journal Article</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-authors">Authors</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-authors"><a href="/research-index/author/183">Lelord G</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/184">Muh JP</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/185">Barthelemy C</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/186">Martineau J</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/187">Garreau B</a>, <a href="/research-index/author/181">Callaway E</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-secondary-title">Journal Title</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-secondary-title">Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-year">Year of Publication</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-year">1981</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-volume">Volume</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-volume">11</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-pages">Pages</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-pages">219-230</td> </tr> <tr class="even"><td class="biblio-row-title biblio-field-title-url">URL for Abstract</td><td class="biblio-field-contents-url"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6765503&query_hl=13&itool=pubmed_DocSum">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6765503&query_hl=13&itool=pubmed_DocSum</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"><td valign="top">Full Text</td><td> <p>This article reports that the behavior of some children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a> can be improved by high doses of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/vitamin-b6-and-magnesium"><cite title=" Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a nutrient found in fish, meat and bananas. It is an essential vitamin, which means it can only be obtained through the diet. Vitamin B6 is important for the health of every cell in the body. Magnesium is an essential mineral that is needed for the health of every cell in the body. Some parents supplement a child's diet with a combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium as an alternative therapy for autism.">vitamin B6 and magnesium</cite></a>.</p> <p>This is a follow-up study to previous work showing that the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">withdrawal</cite></a> of <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/vitamin-b6-pyridoxine"><cite title=" Vitamin B6 is a nutrient found in fish, meat and bananas. It is an essential vitamin, which means it can only be obtained through the diet. Vitamin B6 is important for the health of every cell in the body, including the formation of serotonin and dopamine (two crucial neurotransmitters).">vitamin B6</cite></a> had negative influences on the behavior of children with <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autism</cite></a>. The first experiment in this study focuses on 44 children (3.5 to 16 years old) who had been diagnosed with â??<a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/autism"><cite title=" Neurodevelopmental brain disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and ability to communicate (verbal and nonverbal). People with autism often have atypical patterns of interest or behavior. The term “autism” is commonly used as a general term to include several disorders that fall under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which are sometimes also called pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).">autistic</cite></a> symptomsâ? (<a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/social-withdrawal"><cite title=" not yet defined.">social withdrawal</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/stereotyped-behavior"><cite title=" Repetitive physical movements common in autism, like hand flapping. ">stereotyped behavior</cite></a>, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/tantrum"><cite title=" A tantrum is a behavior that can be vocal or physical. Tantrums may not be caused by anything specific, but typically involve behavior such as hitting, self-injury, or screaming. Risperidone, behavioral therapy, and applied behavior analysis (ABA) may be effective interventions in reducing tantrums. ">tantrums</cite></a>, and hypersensitivity to <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/sensory-stimulation"><cite title=" not yet defined.">sensory stimulation</cite></a>). All children received <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/vitamin-b6-pyridoxine"><cite title=" Vitamin B6 is a nutrient found in fish, meat and bananas. It is an essential vitamin, which means it can only be obtained through the diet. Vitamin B6 is important for the health of every cell in the body, including the formation of serotonin and dopamine (two crucial neurotransmitters).">vitamin B6</cite></a> at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight daily (about 545 mg daily for a 40-pound child) for two weeks; <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/magnesium"><cite title=" Essential mineral that is needed for the health of every cell in the body. ">magnesium</cite></a> was also given to each child at several doses depending on body weight, but exact dose is not stated in the article. For 15 of the 44 children (34%), behavior improved during the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a> period, including increases in alertness, reductions in <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/tantrum"><cite title=" A tantrum is a behavior that can be vocal or physical. Tantrums may not be caused by anything specific, but typically involve behavior such as hitting, self-injury, or screaming. Risperidone, behavioral therapy, and applied behavior analysis (ABA) may be effective interventions in reducing tantrums. ">tantrums</cite></a>, and improved overall outlook on life. In 14 of these fifteen children, the improvements disappeared several weeks after the children stopped taking the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/supplements"><cite title=" Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or fatty acids that can be purchased over-the-counter and taken to add specific nutrients to the diet. ">supplements</cite></a>. The second experiment in this study was a well-controlled, <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/double-blind"><cite title=" Non-biased method of testing the possible effects of a treatment. In a double-blind test, the people who are rating its effectiveness do not know whether the person they are rating has actually received the treatment or placebo. The person they are rating (who took the possible treatment) also does not know.">double-blind</cite></a> experiment focusing on 21 of the children who had been included in the first study. As in the first experiment, the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/supplements"><cite title=" Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or fatty acids that can be purchased over-the-counter and taken to add specific nutrients to the diet. ">supplements</cite></a> were taken for two weeks, and these two weeks either followed or preceded <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/placebo"><cite title=" False drug, often consisting of a sugar pill with no active medicine, used for comparison with drugs being tested in a study. Usually the person taking the placebo is not told that they are only taking a sugar pill. ">placebo</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a>. Ten of the children who had previously improved with the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/supplements"><cite title=" Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or fatty acids that can be purchased over-the-counter and taken to add specific nutrients to the diet. ">supplements</cite></a> also improved during the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/supplements"><cite title=" Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or fatty acids that can be purchased over-the-counter and taken to add specific nutrients to the diet. ">supplement</cite></a> <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/treatment"><cite title=" Something given to or performed on a person to improve health or behaviors. A treatment can include medical interventions such as giving medications. A treatment can also include non-medical interventions such as acupuncture. A treatment is usually considered something done in limited numbers. A series of treatments is often called therapy.">treatment</cite></a>, and two of the children who had previously not responded to the <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/supplements"><cite title=" Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or fatty acids that can be purchased over-the-counter and taken to add specific nutrients to the diet. ">supplements</cite></a> had improved behavior this time. There were no significant <a class="glossary-term" href="/therapy/adverse-effects"><cite title=" not yet defined.">side effects</cite></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> adverse effects autism double-blind magnesium placebo sensory integration sensory stimulation social withdrawal stereotyped behavior supplements tantrum treatment vitamin vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Vitamin B6 and magnesium withdrawal Sun, 22 Oct 2006 02:55:17 +0000 scottie 195 at http://autism.healingthresholds.com